Micro EX 1: Microbiology Flashcards
Study of bacteria
Bacteriology
The study of microorganisms, includes bacteria, fungi, viruses and pathogenic Protozoa, and the diseases they cause
Microbiology
Examples of bacteriology
E. Coli, staph, strep, salmonella
Study of fungi
Mycology
Examples of mycology
Yeast, ring worms and mushrooms
Study of viruses
Virology
Examples of virology
HIV, Colds, Rhinovirus and influenza
Study of parasites
Parasitology
Examples of parasitology
Worms and protozoans
Study of protozoans
Protozology
Examples of protozology
Paramecium, amoeba, plasmodium
Study of parasitic worms
Helminthology
Examples of helminthology
Flukes, tapeworms, and hookworms
Scientific naming system is called
Binomial nomenclature
What kingdom?
- eukaryotes
- multicellular
- photosynthetic usually
- cell wall made of cellulose
Plantae
What kingdom?
- eukaryotes (true nucleus)
- multicellular
- ingest food usually
- no cell wall
Animalia
What kingdom?
- eukaryotes
- unicellular of multicellular
- saprophytic usually
- cell wall usually chitin
Fungi
What kingdom?
- eukaryotes
- unicellular or multicellular
- ingest food (protozoans) or photosynthetic (algae other than blue green)
- cell wall in algae usually cellulose & protozoans have no cell wall
Protista “junk drawer”
What kingdom?
- prokaryotes
- unicellular
- saprophytes or photosynthetic usually
- cell wall normally peptidoglycan
Monera (eubacteria & archae)
Examples of monera (eubacteria & archae)
Bacteria, blue-green algae=Cyanobacteria
Examples of kingdom Protista
Paramecium, amoeba, kelp, sargassum, euglena, diatoms
Examples of kingdom fungi
Mushrooms, yeast, ringworm, penicillium
Examples of kingdom animalia
Parasitic worms, flies, mosquitoes, ticks people
Example of kingdom plantae
All flowering plants, mosses, ferns
What kingdoms are eukaryotes?
Protista, fungi, animalia, plantae
What kingdoms are prokaryotes?
Monera (Archaebacteria & Eubacteria)
Kingdom Monera is now split into the:
Eubacteria & archaebacteria
In binomial nomenclature the genus is ________ & the whole name is ___________ or _____________
Capitalized; italicized or underlined
The species we belong to is:
Homo sapiens
The species names is always the___________ (specific epithet or trivial name)
Genus name
What is the purpose of the scientific naming system
Cuts down on confusion
Gram + is what stain color?
Purple
Gram - is what stain color?
Pink
Who is the father of epidemiology?
Jonathan Snow
What is this person famous for?
Felix d’Herrelle
Bacteriophages (virus kills bacteria)
What is this person famous for?
Hans Christian Gram
Gram staining
What is this person famous for?
Florence Nightingale
Nurse made sure everything was clean and disinfected; lady with the lamp
What is this person famous for?
Jonathan Snow
Father of epidemiology; discovered Cholara:cause by major dehydration and diarrhea
What is this person famous for?
Ignaz Semmelweiss
Hand washing before surgery
What is this person famous for?
Alexander Fleming
Discovered Penicillium
What is this person famous for?
Edward Jenner
Vaccinations of smallpox from cowpox
What is this person famous for?
Robert Koch
Systematic methods of sampling infections and diseases to see what caused them
2 bacterial that caused disease discovered by Koch
Tuberculosis(TB)
Anthrax
Tuberculosis was caused by what?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Anthrax was caused by what?
Bacillus anthracis
What is this person famous for?
Joseph Lister
Disinfectant (phenol/carbonic acid)
“Antiseptic surgery”
What is this person famous for?
Louis Pasteur
Pasteurization
What is this person famous for?
Rudolph Virchow
Father of pathology
“Cell theory”
What is this person famous for?
Lazaro Spallanzani
Spontaneous generation while heating broth
What is this person famous for?
Francesco Redi
Spontaneous generation observing raw meat
What is this person famous for?
Anthony van Leewenhoek
Father of microscopy; linen merchant
What is this person famous for?
Robert Hook
Made 1st microscope; monasteries=cells(empty spaces)
Define biogenesis
Life doesn’t just appear it comes from a preexisting life
Define spontaneous generation
Life just appears
Ex: strawberries then strawberries covered in mold (mold spores in the air)
Define abiogenesis
Similar to spontaneous generation
Parasitology splits into 2 types called
Protozology and helminthology
Koch’s postulates:
- Agent must be present in all cases of diseases
- Agent isolated from someone with disease & grown in pure culture
- Inoculation into a susceptible organism of the agent-from a pure culture-must produce the disease
- Agent must be recovered from the infected inoculated organism & grown again in culture
Define pasteurization
Partial sterilization of a substance to a certain temperature to kill of bacteria
Define immunity
Protection from a disease
Define Cholara.
Major dehydration & excessive diarrhea
Who discovered Cholara?
Jonathan Snow
3 kingdom classification system
Plantae, animalia & Protista
5 kingdom classification system
Monera, Protista, fungi, animalia & Plantae
Define saprophytes
Releases enzymes into environment then absorb building blocks
Define pathogen
Agent that causes diseases
Define normal flora
“Old term” microbes that live on us or in us normally; normally don’t cause problems but can.
Examples of normal flora causing problems
E. Coli in the urinary system instead of the colon.
Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
Prokaryotes: no true nucleus-Monera(eubacteria/archaebacteria)
Eukaryotes: true nucleus-Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi
Which kingdoms have cell walls? And name the cell walls.
Plantae: cellulose; fungi: chitin; Protista: (algae-cellulose) protozoans no cell wall; monera: peptidoglycan
Give examples of each kingdoms.
Plantae: flowering plants, mosses & ferns; Fungi: penicillin, mushrooms & ringworms; Animalia: ticks, mosquitoes & people; Monera: bacteria & Cyanobacteria; Protista: paramecium, amoeba, sargassum, euglena, diatoms & algae
