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Microbiology > Micro EX 1: Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Micro EX 1: Microbial Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

pH formula

A

pH= -log[H]

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2
Q

most bacteria thrive between what range

A

6-8

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3
Q

most fungi thrive between what range

A

5-6

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4
Q

Describe acidophiles

A

likes acid

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5
Q

Define Ketoacidosis

A

ketosis in body increases; prone to fungal growth

ex: yeast infection

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6
Q

Human normal temperature in Celsius

A

37 degrees C

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7
Q

everything a minimum and maximum temperature; if it was below min? if was above max?

A

below minimum: dont die

above maximum: die

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8
Q

Define Psycho

A

likes the cold

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9
Q

Psychophiles

A

10-15 degrees C

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10
Q

Psychotrophs

A

0-30 degrees C

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11
Q

Mesophiles (normal flora & pathogens)

A

10-50 degrees C

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12
Q

Thermophiles (soil bacteria & compost)

A

40-70 degrees C

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13
Q

Hyperthermophiles (hot springs, ocean vents, volcanoes)

A

65-110 degrees C

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14
Q

What are the 3 Physical Growth Requirements?

A

pH, Osmotic Pressure, Temperature

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15
Q

Osmotic Pressure: lots of particles less water

A

Hypertonic

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16
Q

Examples of hypertonic

A

NaCl (salt water) & honey

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17
Q

Osmotic Pressure: equal amounts of particles & water

A

Isotonic

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18
Q

Define Plasmolysis

A

they shrink but not cell wall

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19
Q

What thrives in Hypertonic solution?

A

Halophiles & Facultative Halophiles

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20
Q

What can live w/ or w/o salt water?

A

Facultative Halophiles

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21
Q

Examples of Isotonic

A

0.9% NaCl & 5% glucose

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22
Q

Osmotic Pressure: little particles more water

A

Hypotonic

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23
Q

In hypotonic solution what prevents the bacteria from bursting? Name 1 example

A

cell wall

Ex: Myoplasma

24
Q

what are the 3 chemical requirements for microbial growth

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen

25
Q

What makes their own food from CO2?

A

autotrophs

26
Q

What are the 2 types of autotrophs?

A

photoautrophs & chemoautotrophs

27
Q

Which autotrophs uses sunlight for energy?

A

photoautrophs

28
Q

Which autotrophs uses chemical reactions for energy?

A

chemoautrophs

29
Q

What need organic molecules (carbon) for food?

A

Heterotrohphs

30
Q

Define Nitrogen fixed bacteria

A

N-H or N-O to make usable compounds by plants

31
Q

Define Nodules in Roots of Legumes

A

symbiotic Nitrogen fixing bactera; Nitrogen gas converted into ammonia

32
Q

Define Crop Rotation

A

replace different nutrients back into soil

33
Q

Define Fertilization Production

A

crops–> ammonia nitrates–> animals–> denitrification–> atmospheric nitrogen fixation–> nitrogen fixing bacteria–> ammonia nitrates

34
Q

Describe Obligate Aerobe

A

needs O2

35
Q

Describe Micro Aerophilic

A

needs small amounts of O2

36
Q

Describe Facultative Anaerobe

A

thrive w/ or w/o O2

37
Q

Describe Obligate Anaerobe

A

don’t need O2

38
Q

Example of Obligate Aerobe

A

Bacillus

39
Q

Example of Micro Aerophilic

A

Helicobacter pylori

40
Q

Example of Facultative Anaerobe

A

E. coli

41
Q

Example of Obligate Anaerobe

A

Clostridium

42
Q

What are the 4 stages of Bacterial Growth Curve?

A
  1. Lag Phase
  2. Log Phase
  3. Stationary Phase
  4. Death Phase
43
Q

Bacterial Growth Curve: exponential growth in population

A

Log Phase

44
Q

Bacterial Growth Curve: preparation for population growth

A

Lag Phase

45
Q

Bacterial Growth Curve: population decreasing logarithmically

A

Death Phase

46
Q

Bacterial Growth Curve: period of equilibrium for microbial death balance for production of new cells

A

Stationary Phase

47
Q

Describe Culture

A

actual microbes; pure culture: 1 organism growing only

48
Q

Describe Media

A

where bacteria live on; comes in liquid(broth) or solid(agar)

49
Q

Describe the origin of Agar

A

derived from red algae

50
Q

Define Agar

A

thickening agent

51
Q

What type of Media do we use in lab? Name 2 examples

A

Complex Media; tryptic soy agar & nutrient broth

52
Q

What type of Media do we not use in lab & use for high dollar research?

A

Chemically defined Media

53
Q

Define Fastidous Microbes

A

hard to grow; needs lots of organic foods

54
Q

Example of a Fastidous Microbe

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

55
Q

List the Prokaryotic Structures

A

Capsule, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, ribosome, pili, flagella, & Nucleoid

Microbiology (20 decks)

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