Project+ Study Notes 2 Flashcards
are ongoing and repetitive. They don’t have a beginning date or an ending date, unless you’re starting a new ??? or retiring an old one. ??? typically involve ongoing functions that support the production of goods or services. Projects, on the other hand, come about to meet a specific, unique result and then conclude.
Operations
brings together a set of tools and techniques—performed by people—to describe, organize, and monitor the work of project activities.
Project Management
are the people responsible for applying these tools to the various project activities. Their primary purpose is to integrate all the components of the project and bring it to a successful conclusion. Managing a project involves many skills, including dealing with competing needs for your resources, obtaining adequate budget dollars, identifying risks, managing to the project requirements, interacting with stakeholders, staying on schedule, and ensuring a quality product.
Project Managers (PMs)
In this structure, the staff is organized along departmental lines, such as IT, marketing, sales, network, human resources, public relations, customer support, and legal. Each department is managed independently with a limited span of control. This organizational type is hierarchical, with each staff member reporting to one supervisor, who in turn reports to one supervisor, and so on up the chain.
Functional Organization
the project deliverables are worked on independently in different departments. This can cause frustration among project managers, because they are the ones held accountable for the results of the project, but they have no means of holding team members from other departments accountable for completing project deliverables.
Functional Organization (b)
are responsible for assigning work to the employees who report to them. They are also responsible for rating the performance of the employees and determining their raises or bonuses. Building a relationship with the ??? and maintaining open communications is the key to successful projects in this type of structure. It also helps a great deal if you can contribute to the employee’s performance ratings by rating their work on the project.
Functional Managers
growth potential and a career path for employees, opportunity for those w/unique skills to flourish, clear chain of command (each staff member has 1 supervisor - the functional manager).
Advantages of Functional Org. :
project managers have limited to no authority, multiple projects compete for same limited resources, resources are generally committed part-time to project than full-time, issue resolution follows dept. chain of command, project team members are loyal to functional manager.
Disadvantages of functional org. :
typically are organized along departmental lines, like a functional organization, but resources assigned to a project are accountable to the project manager for all work associated with the project. The project manager is often a peer of the functional staff managers. The team members working on the project often have two or more supervisors— their functional manager and the project manager (or managers) they are reporting to.
Matrix Organizations
Project Managers working in ??? need to be clear w/both project team members and functional managers about assignments and results regarding : outcomes for which team member is accountable to project manager, outcomes for which team member is accountable to functional manager.
matrix organization
