Progress In Education (American Civil Rights) Flashcards
What did the NAACP do in 1954 against education
They took all five cases from the states of (Delaware,Kansas,Washigton D.C. ,South Carolina and Virginia) desegregation cases together and took them to the supreme court as Brown v the Board of education of Topeka,Kansas
What amendment did the NAACP argue was being broken by segregated schooling
The 14th ammendment
What did NAACP lawyers argue in Brown vs the Board of Education
That seperate was not equal and black students felt inferior due to segregated schooling
. Blacks had worse resources
What happened that changed the dynamic of the case in december 1953
A pro segregation judge (Fred M. Vinson) died and his replacement (Earl Warren) was not pro segregation became chief Justice
What was the name of the pro integration judge in december 1952 in the brown vs topeka case
Earl Warren
What did the court rule on 17th may 1954 in the brown vs Topeka case
Segregation in school was against the US consitution
Schools had to desegregate as segregation made black children feel inferior
In may 1955 what happened in civil rights to do with desegregation
The supreme court ruled that desegregation should be carried out with ‘deliberate speed’
Who was Linda Brown and what did her and 12 others do
One of many black children in Topeka who had to pass their local white school and travel further for their worse school.
Her family and 12 others went to court for their children’s right to go to their nearest school which was ‘white’
What were the changes in the southern border states after the Brown v Topeka case
The southern border states and the district of colombia desegregated in the years folllowing the case.
By the end of 1957 723 school districts had desegregated
What were the reactions in the deep south in the people after the Brown v Topeka case
An extreme white backlash began and many black children who had previously integrated in white schools were the target of threats and violence .
Many local groups were set up to fight school desegregation often by parents,they protested outside of schools and threatened people.
What did schools change after the brown vs topeka case in the deep south
Many school boards said they were making plans to intergrate but did nothing
Goveners of some states didn’t accept desegregation
goveners of other states made emotional pledges to keep segregation
some even said they would close schools that attempted to desegregate
What is the WCC
It’s the White Citizens Council
Set up in Indianola,Mississippi, and its aims included preserving segregation,especially in schools and used extreme violence
What was the long term significance of Brown vs Topeka
Due to the Brown case in 1954 the supreme court led by chief Justice Earl Warren ruled unanimously that segregation in education went against the US constitution. This was an important victory for education and it also gave civil rights activists an argument to use against discrimination in other settings.
However there was alot of resistance to implementing the judgement in the southern states.
Sometimes politicians passed laws to try to stop it and somtimes peopleused violence or intimidation.
By 1970 there were still black American children in segregated school.
The significance lay in the constant legal pressure for desegregation in the south and the increased awareness of civil rights issues.However it’s argued that it didn’t help as it was dangerous for the black children who would be threatened and taunted and faced lots of trouble meaning their education suffered
Who were the little rock 9
The 9 students out of the 25 selected who were still willing to go to the Central high school in little rock even after being threatened
Who was a key opponent of the Little rock plan
The govener of Arkansas Orval Faubus
