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History Gcse > London and WW2 > Flashcards

London and WW2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was London a target city for the Germans

A

It was the seat of goverment,the capital city and the home of the royal family.It was also a major port and transport hub,a centre of industry and was densley populated

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2
Q

How was London prepared for war by the goverment

A

Gas masks issued
Air raid precautions (due to act)
Fire,ambulence and care of homeless was organised
Boroughs set up local ARP wardens
In Jan 1939 ,there was a drive to recruit volunteers for civil defense
Familys given Anderson Shelters

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3
Q

How was propoganda used in the blitz

A

London civil servants made propoganda to maintain morale and encourage people to support the war effort during the blitz where a united population was key

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4
Q

How was censorship used during the blitz

A

It was used to maintain morale as certain demoralising events were hidden

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5
Q

Where was bombing heaviest in the first blitz and why

A

It was heaviest in the East End as this was where lots of industry and transport was

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6
Q

What was Black Saturday and when was it

A

7th September 1940
First blitz attack,400 killed

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7
Q

What were the three types of bombs dropped during the blitz

A

Incendiaries
High explosives
Mines

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8
Q

What were incendiary bombs

A

Bombs dropped mainly by the first wave of bombers.Started the fires used as targets

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9
Q

What were high explosive bombs

A

Bombs mainly dropped by later raids,Some had delayed fuses to harm rescue workers

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10
Q

What were mines

A

The most powerful bomb,dropped by parachute so attacks were silent and hard to detect

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11
Q

What were V1 rockets

A

Flying bombs that hit Londons targets in daytume,causing extensive damage and deaths due to them not triggering air raid warnings

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12
Q

What are V2 rockets

A

The first ballistic missile.So fast it exploded before it was heard

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13
Q

What happened in Deptford in 1944

A

A V2 attack occured on a Woolworths in Deptford,Struck on saturday lunchtime,160 killed

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14
Q

How did German tactics change in the blitz after the bombing of the east end

A

Tactics changed to attacking morale by attacking civilians and homes

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15
Q

What was the ‘lull’ and when was it

A

Irregular retalitory raids only,not every night
May 1941-Jan 1944

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16
Q

What was the Baby Blitz and when was it

A

Jan-April 1944
A second short blitz on London

17
Q

What was the goverment policy on shelters

A

It changed over time as originally they didn’t want people in tube stations but were forced to open deeper stations due to demand

18
Q

What was ‘mickey’s shelter’

A

A local shelter formed in Spitalfields providing cleaning,beds,GP services and a canteen

19
Q

What happened to Cinema in the blitz

A

Wartime audiences increased by more than half,a useful tool for propoganda and unity

20
Q

How were Dance halls effected by the blitz

A

Large dance halls stayed open throughout the year

21
Q

How was football impacted by the blitz

A

Crowds limited to 8000 in London,many played in exhibition matches

22
Q

How was the theatre effected by the blitz

A

Late afternoon performances and goverment-subsided lunch concerts proved very popular

23
Q

What happened in the South Hallsville School Disaster

A

About 1000 homeless londeners were staying at South Hallsville School when it was hit in a bombing raid.Even though they had been due to be evacuated the day before.Casualty reports varied widely

24
Q

What happened in the Bethnal Green Disaster

A

New anti aircraft rockets fired by british and due to sound not being heard before people panicked.They rushed to bethnal green station and a trample occured due to a woman with a baby falling.173 people died

25
Q

What happened in terms of reports after South Hallsville and Bethnal Green

A

Reports on the incidents were censored to help morale

26
Q

What happened to class tensions in the first few weeks of the war

A

They were heightened as the working class east suffered more than the richer west end,Also due to the west end having more tube stations,tensions were high

27
Q

What was the disruption to daily life and work

A

Population of inner London fell due to many moving
Food and clothes rationing introduced
Unexploded bombs kept people away from homes
Bombing disrupted gas an delectrics
Blackouts
First 6 weeks of blitz 250,000 Londeners made homeless

28
Q

What did the royal family do to help London Cope with the war

A

They stayed in London during to blitz and visited bombed communities to raise morale and present all of britan as united with all people suffering equally

29
Q

How did the goverment cope with the war

A

They stayed in London so as to not be seen as abandoning the Londoners
The cabinet war rooms sheltered Churchill from the blitz and from these rooms the goverment led the war

30
Q

How were landmarks and art protected

A

Some museums and galleries set up special underground storage
Sandbags used and stained glass windows removed to protect key buildings
Survival of St Paul’s cathedral become symbol of London defiance as stores of water and fire watchers were set up

31
Q

What was ‘dig for victory’

A

Goverment campaign set up to encourage civilians to grow their own food because of shortages and rationing

32
Q

What were turned into allotments for the ‘dig for victory’ campaign

A

Public spaces like Victoria Park in Hackney,Green areas in front of the Tower of London were turned into Vegetable patches

33
Q

What are anderson Shelters

A

Provided by the council for a single house in the garden,Built from steel and earth

34
Q

What are communal and public surface shelters

A

Built by brick or comcrete in the middle of streets,Not popular as many didn’t feel safe

35
Q

What are trench shelters

A

Shelters built by councils,deep trenches dug in parks with a roof over the trench.Very unpopular as people didn’t feel safe

36
Q

What happened in the Balham Disaster

A

The direct hit of a bomb caused a massive crater water gas and sewage mains were all ruptured and many people drowned as station flooded,68 killed

History Gcse (42 decks)

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