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History Gcse > Experience Of Modern Warfare > Flashcards

Experience Of Modern Warfare Flashcards

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1
Q

What does logistics refer to

A

The transportation of troops,supplies,ammunition and post

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2
Q

When were haldane’s reforms and what were they

A

1908,Response to Boer War,Set up a professional full time army and Part time army called the Territorial Force

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3
Q

What is Army 2020

A

An ongoing review of the Army,Changes include renaming Territorial force to Army Reserve in 2013

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4
Q

How much of the army was made up of logistics officers in 2003

A

15%

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5
Q

Why was new logistics officers needed

A

New weapons such as planes,tanks and new artillery meant more transportation was needed for them

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6
Q

What was the difference in % of Infantry in 1914 compared to 2015

A

65% to 25%

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7
Q

What was the change in percentage of cavalry in 1914 to 2015

A

10% in 1914 to 10% in 2015 as tanks replaced Cavalry and their role as they lead the attack

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8
Q

What was the change in percentage of artillery from 1914-2015

A

From 20%-10% as tanks and aircraft now share the role of bombarding the enemy

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9
Q

What are the changes in % of specialist troops from 1914-2015

A

5%-55%

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10
Q

What corps were set up for specialist troops for new equipment

A

Royal Engineers,Royal electrical and mechanical engineers,Royal Logistics corps and Royal Medical corps

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11
Q

When were the first bomb disposal units created

A

Early 1940

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12
Q

What are EOD units

A

These are units in modern armies that make munitions safe after wars are over

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13
Q

What were the advantages of machine guns

A

Very effective in defense,could fire 600 rounds a minute

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14
Q

What did tanks replace and why

A

By 1918,cavalry replaced by tanks that were more effective

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15
Q

What are chemical weapons and what has happened to them since ww1

A

Weapons using chemicals to cause death,most nations have now agreed to not use them

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16
Q

When was the first nuclear weapon created

A

1945

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17
Q

How have aircraft changed since 1914-18 in terms of numbers

A

63 aircraft in 1914 to 22,000 by 1918

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18
Q

What does surveillance allow forces to do

A

Spot enemy forces and identify targets
Predict weather
Photograph impact of attacks
Provide communication

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19
Q

What are ICBM’s

A

Inter continental ballistic missiles

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20
Q

How was developments in transport shown in 1914

A

Germans moved troops by train in order to suprise attack and out-manouvere french forces

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21
Q

How was developments in transport shown in 1918

A

Motorised transport introduced trucks/motorcycles used

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22
Q

How was developments in transport shown in 1940

A

Aircraft introduced,parachute troops would enter behind enemy lines

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23
Q

How does war promote change in weaponry/society

A

“War is a catalyst of change” as all resources are put into the war and creating the newest and best weaponry/tactics

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24
Q

How was development in transport shown in 1944

A

Air support,allies create ‘cab rank’ system that allows the aircraft to always be in the sky and quickly attack when needed

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25
Q

When is guerrilla warfare used and what is it

A

Used by a weaker force against a bigger enemy,Traditionally use hit and run tactics (ambushes) inflciting small casualties,examples include Vietnam and Afghanistan

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26
Q

How are high tech weapons having a significant impact

A

They can be used to attack from thousands of kilometres away meaning casualties are lessened

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27
Q

What is RADAR

A

RAdio Detection And Ranging,Early warning system to detect enemy aircraft,important for air sirens in Britan

28
Q

What happened in terms of recruitment in ww1

A

1914-Thousands needed to replace casualties appeal for volunteers
1916-Millitary service act introduces conscription
1918-Conscription ends

29
Q

How were many people recruited in WW1 by the goverment

A

Propoganda
PALs Battalions-local volunteers from the same community
National sedvice/conscription meant all men 17-21 had to serve for a period of time

30
Q

When were women first allowed to be conscripted and what did they have to be

A

Unmarried women aged 20-30 could first be conscripted in 1941

31
Q

What was the WVS and how many members did it have in 1941 (when women were first conscripted)

A

Women’s voluntary Service,One million members

32
Q

How many people died in WW1

A

10 million combatants

33
Q

How many people died in WW2 (Millitary and Civilian)

A

15 million combatants
45 million civilians

34
Q

What is Total warfare

A

The use of all people in the country towards the war effort and the targeting of all people in the other country.Used wars of attrition to break enemy down through limiting resources instead of actually beating the opponent

35
Q

What is conscription

A

Where people are forced to serve in the armed forces instead of volunteering

36
Q

What was the impact of active fighting on civilians in terms of recruitment

A

Many britons were forced to fight for the first time since the medieval period.700,000 died in the first war and 450,000 died in the second world war

37
Q

What was the Home guard

A

A part time volunteer force formed in 1940 to defend against invasion

38
Q

What was the civil defense

A

Volunteers who defended the country from air raids

39
Q

What was the women’s voluntary service

A

Supported the civil defense with its million volunteers

40
Q

What is ‘the home front’ referring to

A

The civilian population and the preparations of a country at home,who’s forces are fighting abroad

41
Q

What is rationing

A

The dividing up of food so that all people have equal amounts,this happened in 1918 and again in 1940

42
Q

What was the blitz

A

Between 1940-41.Two million homes were destroyed and 1.5 million civilians evacuated due to German bombing

43
Q

What was the ‘defense of the realm act’

A

An act made in 1914 that allowed the goverment to censor information

44
Q

What was the emergency powers act and when was it

A

1940,This act gave the goverment unlimited powers to act,in turn workers could be moved into jobs more needed for the war effort

45
Q

What were some common Air raid precautions

A

Gas masks issued to every citizen
Air raid shelters set up in homes and public places
Children evacuated
Blackouts

46
Q

What are some of the unexpected benefits warfare has given us

A

Major medical advances and equality for women

47
Q

What could men opt to do instead of joining the armed forces in WW2

A

They could join the mining industry

48
Q

What were the attitudes to Conscientious Objectors (Somebody like Desmond Doss)

A

Very poor attitudes towards them as it was seen as a sign of cowardice,many lost jobs,went to prison,were forced to serve and faced hostility and people giving them white feathers

49
Q

What were the changes in war reporting over the modern period

A

New media such as televisions and satellite links have revolutionised reporting,impacting public attitudes

1914-One journalist reports from the battlefield
1916-Five journalists allowed on front line
2003-700 reporters allowed in Iraq war

50
Q

Why has support for war been reduced after WW2

A

The financial and human costs of war reported by the news means people are more likely to oppose it

51
Q

How are strategies made now to maintain public support

A

New strategies aim to minimise casualties on both sides

52
Q

Why is it now harder for the goverment to implement censorship

A

New technology means it’s much harder to introduce censorship,However some journalists still present a patriotic view

53
Q

In the first world war how was censorship used

A

It was used to hide the worst news from the public,soldiers letters were read and censored

54
Q

How was propoganda used differently in both world wars

A

WW1-Propoganda used to exaggerate victory and increase patriotism

WW2-Propoganda concentrates on horrors of war and the need to win along with amorale building posters (censorship also used)

55
Q

What was the battle of the Somme and when was it

A

1916,An attempt to break the stalemate on the western front

56
Q

How long did the somme go on for

A

Five months

57
Q

What were the main tactics employed in the somme

A

Week long heavy artillery bombardment
Creeping barrage of infantry
Infantry going ‘over the top’ and getting gunned down

58
Q

What were the reasons for the stalemate in the somme

A

Suprise lost due to artillery barrage
German trench system was better
Power of defense,Artillery and machine guns cut down soldiers
British infantry were new and lacked experience

59
Q

What was the nature of trench warfare

A

Boring daily routines such as sentry duty and cleaning weapons
Trench foot
Weather was harsh+heavy bombardement meant little sleep
Disease was spread by rats and dirty water

60
Q

What did General Haig do well in the Somme

A

Calculated heavy casualties would hit the germans harder than the british
Wanted to pin down the german troops at the somme

61
Q

What did General Haig do badly in the somme

A

Didn’t change strategy after first infantry attacks weren’t succesful
Used new weapons badly
Didn’t listen to advice

62
Q

What was the ‘Coalition’ in the Iraq war

A

The Coalition used high-tech weaponry and surveillance techniques to limit casualties

63
Q

What was the Strategy in the Iraq war

A

‘Shock and awe’ using overwhelming advanced firepower

F-117 fighters bombed Iraqi leaders whilst forces went in
Two months of air raids
200,000 ground troops captured key cities

64
Q

What was used for surveillance in the Iraq war

A

Drones used
Satnet 4,British satellite placed over Iraq to intercept communications and guide tactics along with keeping commanders safer

65
Q

What was the outcome of the Iraq war and why

A

The ‘coalition’ defeated Iraq’s army in 20 days but were forced to withdraw 8 years later,The high tech weapons were not able to control the country due to the guerilla tactics employed by the Iraqis

66
Q

How was computeried weaponry used in Iraq

A

F-117 stealth fighter-bombers are undetectable by radar
Paveway bombs aka smart bombs are guided using lasers and GPS
Storm Shadows are cruise missiles launched from aircraft using cameras

67
Q

How were tanks updated in the modern period

A

In WW1-Used innefectively due to them tending to break down
In WW2-Used much more effectively as a shock troop at the front of an attack and also to protect soldiers behind it
Later on-Tanks updated to be smaller,lighter and quicker,mainly used in surveillance

History Gcse (42 decks)

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