Civil Rights Movement 1965-75 Flashcards
What were the long term causes of the many riots between 1964-68
Police discrimination-In 30 months the police shot 65 black people (27 in the back and 25 who were unarmed
Discrimination by White officials-These officials did not respond to complaints about issues such as badly repaired roads or landlord harrasment
Twice as likely to be unemployed
More than twice as likely to be poor
Poor quality education-Lacked funding
When,where and why were the major riots before the summer riots
New york in July 1964 after the civil rights act was signed and began after a black man was shot by a policeman
Watts District of LA August 1965,Set of by police violence against a young man
What were the summer riots and why did they happen
There were summer riots in every city after the major ones in New York and Watts.Mainly in the north,the worst being in Chicago and Cleveland in 1966 and Newark and Detriot in 1967.Summer was when ghetto conditions were at their worst and the heat made tempers shorter
What did the Watts riots lead to
Led to more black people to join black power groups and kore white people to react against calls for equality.It also drew attention to ghetto problems,MLK visited Watts during the violence and decided the SCLC must campaign there.President Johnson said the riots convinced him to put more money into improving ghettos
What was the Kerner Report and when was it
It was in 1968 and it was an enquiry into the riots
What did the Kerner report say about the riots and what should be done
They were the result of ghetto conditions produced by segregation and discrimination
They came after white officials failed to fix problems the black community had pointed out
White officials should listen to the black community more
The police should change their policing to change their unfair and brutal treatment of black people and should provide more protection in the ghettos
Federal money that was given after the riots to fix conditions was usually used on the police
Who was the CCCO
The Coordinating Council of Community Organisations of Chicago
What happened in King’s Campaign in the North
Tenants associations were created to help fight segregated housing and unfair rents
There were boycotts created to pressurise white businesses into employing more black people
Chicago freedom movement was created,However the SCLC found it hard to connect with the ghetto groups due to his non violent message and many of chicago’s black politicians opposed the campaign
What happened before the Chicago’s Freedom Movement’s planned peace march
A riot broke out and MLK was abused for not achieving any gains in Chicago,State troops called in to stop the riot and Chicago’s Mayor was against it
Were the SCLC’s marches in Chicago succesful
They produced a violent response and got publicity but it was much less supportive to the campaign in the south.Even so Daley (the Mayor) agreed to fairer housing prices which led to King and the SCLC leaving due to them feeling their job was done
Was the campaign in Chicago a sucess
King spoke of it as a success as an agreement was reached and Operation Breadbasket kept running and led to many black people finding jobs in white businesses however it was seen as a failure as
There had been violence and a riot
Daley ignored the agreement over fairer pricing on houses
The goverment didn’t push Daley to carry the agreement
When was MLK assasinated
April 1968
What happened in the weeks after King’s Death
There were riots in 172 towns and cities all over the USA,32 black people dead and 27,000 arrested
Poor people’s campaign that King had planned went ahead,They marched on washington and set up camp within view of the capitol,however it failed
1968 Civil Rights act was quickly passed and included a section on fair housing,federal protection to civil rights workers and also made the punishment for rioting more severe
What was the later impact of MLK’s assasination
Civil Rights Groups lost funding,membership and support from white people
Many black americans became more radical,The SNCC changed the N in it’s name from non-violent to national
What were the two types of protest after 1969
Local protest which addressed issues such as desegregation or equal employment
Large scale issues such as the Vietnam War and the uneven amount of black people selected for the draft
