Problem 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is orisocial behaviour?

A

Acts that are positively valued by society (contrast with anti social behaviour)

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2
Q

What is helping behavior?

A

Acts that intentionally benefit someone else

Helping can be antisocial, over helping when giving help is designed to make others look inferior

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3
Q

What is altruism?

A

A special form of helping behavior selfless help to another person

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4
Q

Four motives for helping others (controls prisocial behavior)

A

Egoism prosocial acts benefit ones self
Altruism prosocial acts contribute to the welfare of others
Collectivism prosocial acts contribute to the welfare of a social group
Priciplism prosocial acts follow a moral principle

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5
Q

What is evolutionary social psychology?

A

Extension of evolutionary psychology that views social behavior as adaptive Helio g the individual Kin and the specials as a whole to survive

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6
Q

What are the two reasons to help according to evolutionary social psychology

A

Mutualism (reciprocal altruism): coooerative behavior benefits the cooperative as well as others (I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine)

Kin selection : bias towards blood relatives propagate in our genes. Lack of direct benefit to the cooperator indicates Altruism

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7
Q

What is empathy?

A

Feel another persons experiences

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8
Q

What is the bystander calculus model

A

Bystander calculates the perceived costs and benefits = social exchange

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9
Q

By stander calculus model 3 steps

A

1 physical arousal greater the arousal more likely he will act
2 labelling the arousal we feel distressed like the victim more similar more likely he will act
3 evaluating the consequences the greater the cost the less likely

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10
Q

Empathy costs of not not helping?

A

We feel bad (Eg blame)

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11
Q

Empathic concern?

A

You could go but you identify and stay

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12
Q

How do we learn to be helpful?

A

Giving instructions: telling children to be helpful to others works

Using reinforcement : acts that are rewarded are more likely to be repeated

Modelling: reproduce the actions attitudes and emotional responses exhibited by a model

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13
Q

What is social learning theory?

A

Human social behaviour is not innate but learnt from appropriate models

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14
Q

Learning by vicarious experience?

A

Acquiring a behaviour after seeing that another person got a reward for it

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15
Q

What is the belief in a just world? What

A

Learnt view that everyone deserves what they get

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16
Q

Bystander intervention?

A

Occurs when an individual breaks out of the role of a bystander and helps

17
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

People are less likely to help in an emergency when they are with others rather than alone the greater the Humber the less likely it is that anyone will help

18
Q

What is the diffusion of responsibility?

A

“Someone else will step forward”

19
Q

Pluralistic ignorance

A

If nobody does anything the situation must not be an emergency

20
Q

Fear of social blunders

A

Reputation: what if I embarrass myself?

21
Q

Personal reasons for helping ?

A

Mood states

Individual differences

Terror management theory

Competence

Leaders and followers

Gender differences

22
Q

Mood states?

A

Good moods people tend to help more = reinforcement affect model . When people feel good they are less preoccupied with themselves and are more sensitive to the needs of others

Bad moods people who feel bad sad or depressed are internally focused they concentrate on themselves their problems and worries and are less concerned with the welfare of others thus they help other less

Living in big cities: people from small town backgrounds are more likely to help that’s those from larger cities

23
Q

What are individual differences?

A

People who are securely attached (attachment style) are more likely to be compassionate and altruistic (attachment styles are developed in childhood)

24
Q

Terror management theory

A

Confront the inevitability of their own death, strive for symbolic immortality by defending their cultural world views —> help

25
Q

Competence

A

Feeling competent to deal with an emergency makes it more likely that help will be given

26
Q

Leaders and followers

A

Leader acts as a cue to generalized responsibility

I

27
Q

Gender differences

A

Women are more likely to help compared to men

Man help to show of

28
Q

Helping to prevent crime?

A

Responsibility : people are more likely to help others if they have a feeling of responsibility

Prior commitment: An individuals agreement in advance to be responsible if trouble occurs (Eg commuting one self to protect the property of another due to prior discussiion)

29
Q

What are norms?

A

Attitudinal and behavioral uniformities that define group membership

Reciprocity norm : we should help those who help us

Social responsibility norm: we should give help freely to those in Ned’s without future exchange

30
Q

What are motives and goals?

A

What prompts helping is a question of motivation and motives involve goals

31
Q

What are volunteers?

A

Volunteer offer to others a sense of community or civic participation. It can be driven by egoistic motives