Problem 9 Flashcards
What is orisocial behaviour?
Acts that are positively valued by society (contrast with anti social behaviour)
What is helping behavior?
Acts that intentionally benefit someone else
Helping can be antisocial, over helping when giving help is designed to make others look inferior
What is altruism?
A special form of helping behavior selfless help to another person
Four motives for helping others (controls prisocial behavior)
Egoism prosocial acts benefit ones self
Altruism prosocial acts contribute to the welfare of others
Collectivism prosocial acts contribute to the welfare of a social group
Priciplism prosocial acts follow a moral principle
What is evolutionary social psychology?
Extension of evolutionary psychology that views social behavior as adaptive Helio g the individual Kin and the specials as a whole to survive
What are the two reasons to help according to evolutionary social psychology
Mutualism (reciprocal altruism): coooerative behavior benefits the cooperative as well as others (I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine)
Kin selection : bias towards blood relatives propagate in our genes. Lack of direct benefit to the cooperator indicates Altruism
What is empathy?
Feel another persons experiences
What is the bystander calculus model
Bystander calculates the perceived costs and benefits = social exchange
By stander calculus model 3 steps
1 physical arousal greater the arousal more likely he will act
2 labelling the arousal we feel distressed like the victim more similar more likely he will act
3 evaluating the consequences the greater the cost the less likely
Empathy costs of not not helping?
We feel bad (Eg blame)
Empathic concern?
You could go but you identify and stay
How do we learn to be helpful?
Giving instructions: telling children to be helpful to others works
Using reinforcement : acts that are rewarded are more likely to be repeated
Modelling: reproduce the actions attitudes and emotional responses exhibited by a model
What is social learning theory?
Human social behaviour is not innate but learnt from appropriate models
Learning by vicarious experience?
Acquiring a behaviour after seeing that another person got a reward for it
What is the belief in a just world? What
Learnt view that everyone deserves what they get
Bystander intervention?
Occurs when an individual breaks out of the role of a bystander and helps
What is the bystander effect?
People are less likely to help in an emergency when they are with others rather than alone the greater the Humber the less likely it is that anyone will help
What is the diffusion of responsibility?
“Someone else will step forward”
Pluralistic ignorance
If nobody does anything the situation must not be an emergency
Fear of social blunders
Reputation: what if I embarrass myself?
Personal reasons for helping ?
Mood states
Individual differences
Terror management theory
Competence
Leaders and followers
Gender differences
Mood states?
Good moods people tend to help more = reinforcement affect model . When people feel good they are less preoccupied with themselves and are more sensitive to the needs of others
Bad moods people who feel bad sad or depressed are internally focused they concentrate on themselves their problems and worries and are less concerned with the welfare of others thus they help other less
Living in big cities: people from small town backgrounds are more likely to help that’s those from larger cities
What are individual differences?
People who are securely attached (attachment style) are more likely to be compassionate and altruistic (attachment styles are developed in childhood)
Terror management theory
Confront the inevitability of their own death, strive for symbolic immortality by defending their cultural world views —> help
