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Social Behaviour > Problem 3: Prejudice And Discrimination chapter 10 > Flashcards

Problem 3: Prejudice And Discrimination chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is minority influence?

A

Social influence whereby numerical or power minorities change the attitudes of the majority

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2
Q

What is the conformity bias?

A

Tendency for social psychology to treat group influence as one way process in which individuals or minorities always conform to majorities

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3
Q

What is conformity

A

Majority influence I w high the majority persuades the minority’s

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4
Q

What is normalization?

A

Mutual compromise leading to convergence

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5
Q

What is innovation ?

A

A minority’s creates and accentuates conflict in order to persuade the majority to take the minority viewpoint

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6
Q

What is prejudice?

A

Unfavorable attitude towards a social group and its members (lines to feelings)= prejudgment

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7
Q

What is dehumanization

A

Stripping people of their dignity and humanity (people are seen as a thing,eg slavery

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8
Q

What is a genocide?

A

The ultimate expression of prejudice by exterminating an entire social group(the holocaust)

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9
Q

What is an stereotype

A

Overgeneralization, simplified evaluation and categorization

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10
Q

What is discrimination,

A

Behaviour, unfavorable towards someone or a group

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11
Q

What is the Implicit association test?(IAT)

A

Measure within social psychology designed to detect the strength of a persons automatic association between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory

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12
Q

What is the three component model?

A

1cognitive : beliefs about the attitude object

2 affective: strong feelings (usually negative) about the attitude object and the qualities it is believed to process

3 conative: intentions to behave in certain ways towards the attitude object

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13
Q

What are the targets of prejudice?

A

Sexism

Sex role

Gender

Racism

Ageism

Homosexuals

Physical and mental handicap

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14
Q

What is sexism?

A

Prejudice and discrimination against people based kn their gender

Most men and women belief that men are conpentent and women are warm

( the two most fundamental dimensions for our perceptions of other people according to the stereotype content model)

Female stereotypical traits are significantly less valued than male stereotypical traits

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15
Q

What is a sex role?

A

Behaviour considered sex-stereotypically appropriate

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16
Q

What is gender? And the three effects relating to it

A

Sex stereotypical attributes of a person

Glass ceiling

Glass cliff

Face-ism

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17
Q

What is a glass ceiling?

A

An invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from attaining top leadership positions

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18
Q

What is glas cliff?

A

A tendency for women rather than men to be appointed to precarious leadership positions associated with a high probability of failure and criticism

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19
Q

What is face-ism?

A

Media depiction that gives greater prominence to the head and less prominence to the body for men but the inverse for women

20
Q

What is racism?

A

Prejudice and discrimination against people based on their ethnicity and race

21
Q

What is ageism?

A

Prejudice and discrimination against people based on their age

22
Q

How to detect racism?

A

1) social distance: how close psychologically people are willing to get one another
2) Implicit association test (IAT)

—> a long history of prejudice can not be shrugged off so easily

23
Q

Types of Behaviour underlying prejudice?

A
  • Reluctance to help:
  • Tokenism:
  • Reverse discrimination:
24
Q

What does reluctance to help consist of?

A

Passively or actively failing to assist groups efforts to make sure they remain disadvantaged

25
Q

What is tokenism?

A

Small or positive act that lead to justification for deceiving to engage in more positive acts

26
Q

What is reverse discrimination?

A

Publicly being prejudiced in favor of a minority’s group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination against that group @not seem prejudiced”

27
Q

What are some consequences of prejudice?

A

Social stigma

Stereotype threat

Stereotype lift

28
Q

What is social stigma?

A

Group attributes that mediate a negative evaluation of people belonging to the group

Stigmatized individuals are part of stigmatized groups and are therefore discriminated

29
Q

Different types of stigmas,

A

Visible stigmas race obesity

Cancelable stigmas homosexuality ideologies

Controllable stigmas smoking or homosexuality

Incontrollable stigma race sex illness

30
Q

Self esteem related to social stigma?

A

Self esteem is the feeling about and evaluations of one self

Stigmatized groups tend to internalize evaluations and form an unfavorable self image that can be manifested in a low self esteem

31
Q

What is the stereotype threat?

A

Feeling that we will be judged and treated in terms of negative stereotypes of our group (eg I’m blind I might be perceived as dumb)

32
Q

What is a stereotype lift?

A

Good stereotypes give positive self image

33
Q

What are some failures and disadvantages of prejudice?

A

Victims of prejudice are denied access to resources that society makes available for people to succeed

Victims become chronically un-motivated

34
Q

What is attributional ambiguity?

A

Attribution processes that impact stigmatized people (eg did I get the job because I’m beautiful)

Leads to suspicion and mistrust in relationships

35
Q

What is the self fulfilling prophecy?

A

Expectations and assumptions about a person that influence our interaction with that person and eventually change their behavior in line with our expectations (eg: manager expects the employee to be hard working this will influence the hard worker and make him work harder tell a kid he’s intelligent he’ll act as intelligent)

36
Q

Different explanations of prejudice and discrimination?

A

Mere exposure effect

Frustration agreesion hypothesis

Space goat

Displacement

Authoritarian personality

Ehtnocnetrism

Dogmatism

Social dominance theory

System identification theory

Belief congruence theory

37
Q

What is the mere exposure effect?

A

Repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to that object

38
Q

What is the frustration aggression hypothesis

A

All frustration leads to aggression all aggression comes from frustration

39
Q

What is an spacegoat?

A

Individual or group that becomes the target for anger and frustration caused by a different individual or group

To prevent or inhibit frustration it is displaced on to an alternative target

40
Q

What is displacement m?

A

The transfer of negative feelings in to an individual or group other that that which originally caused the negative feelings

41
Q

What is an authoritarian personality?

A

Personality syndrome that originated in childhood that predispose individuals to be prejudiced

(Eg: someone sensitive to ranks would respect high rank led people but disrespect low ranked people

42
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The evaluative preference for all aspects of our group relative to other groups

43
Q

What is dogmatism?

A

Cognitive style that is rigid and intolerant and predisposed people to be prejudiced ( eg my opinion is the righ one = intolerance)

44
Q

What is the social dominance theory?

A

Theory that attributes prejudice to an individuals acceptance of an ideology that legitimizes ingroup serving hierarchy and domination l, rejects egalitarian ideology

  • > people that believe in the myth of hierarchy will have a high social dominance orientation
  • > high social dominance orientation leads to authoritarian personality
45
Q

What is the system identification theory?

A

Theory that attributes social status to people’s adherence to an ideology that justifies and protects the status quo

46
Q

What is the belief congruence theory?

A

Theory that similar beliefs promote liking and social harmony among people while dissimilar beliefs produce dislike and prejudice

Social Behaviour (12 decks)

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