Principals of Pigments Flashcards
A coloring matter which can be applied to an object.
Pigment
Used to duplicate the colors of the spectrum.
- Mixtures of these colors will produce intermediary hues not seen in the spectrum.
Pigments
- Range
- Change
- Impurities
- Untable
- Absorption of light-rays through admixture
Imperfections of Pigments
- Fewer in number than of the colors in nature.
- Colors of certain objects cannot always be duplicated: stones, natural wood, skin.
Range
- Pigments will ____ with light and chemicals.
- Example: Sunlight, air, exhaust, sulphur
Change
Many pigments are not pure colors.
- Example: Pigments may contain so much red that the other colors present are not identifiable until after the mixture.
Impurities
Colors may vary from purchase to purchase.
- Examples: paint, wallpaper, tile
Unstable
- Opposite of light
- Pigments absorb light rays when mixed
- Result in gray or black
Absorption of Light-Rays Through Admixture
- Hue
- Value
- Intensity
Measurements (Dimensions) of Color
- Name of a chromatic color
- Qualifies it as to its warmth or coolness
Hue
The lightness or darkness of the color
Value
The pureness or dullness (grayness) of a color.
Intensity
- Primary
- Secondary
- Standard
- Intermediate
- Tertiary
- Neutral
Class of Hues
Three hues which can be combined to make all other hues.
Primary
- Red
- Yellow
- Blue
Primary Hues
The illustrative symbol when drawing primary hues on a color wheel:
Triangle
An equal mixture of two primary hues.
Secondary
- Orange
- Green
- Purple
Secondary Hues
Illustrative symbol of secondary hues when drawing them on the color wheel:
Inverted Triangle
It is the primary and secondary hues.
- “Standard color wheel”
- Red, yellow, blue, orange, green, purple.
Standard Pigmentary Hues
Mixture of a primary and adjacent secondary hue.
- Appearance of each mixture: Midway between the primary and secondary hue.
Intermediate
Illustration of intermediate mixtures on the color wheel:
Use the Primary Color First in Identifying
An unequal mixture of opposite (complimentary) hues.
- Results in brown and slates
- Grayed hues (called tones)
Tertiary
Grayed hues
Tones
- Names of colors: White, black, gray.
- Decorative netural colors- Metallic colors of silver and gold.
Neutral (Achromatic)
The amount of hues on the color wheel.
12
- When seen together- present the most vivid contrast.
- When mixed equally- cancel each other out.
Compliments (Opposites)
- Water- Blue
- Grass- Green
- Fire- Orange
- Sun- Yellow
Association From Nature (Warm and cool hues)
Red, yellow, orange or any intermediate hue in which they predominate.
- Orange is the most
Names of Warm Hues
Have longer wavelengths.
Warm Hues
Size and distance illustrations with warm hues.
Make Objects Seem to Advance
Active or cheerful.
Psychological Associations of Warm Hues
Relfects heat waves.
Heat- Warm Hues
Blue, green, purple, or any intermediate hue in which they predominate.
Names of Cool Hues
Have shorter wavelengths.
Cool Hues
Make objects seem to recede.
The size and distance illustrations of cool hues
Quiet, peaceful, depressing.
Psychological Associations- Cool Hues
Absorbs heat.
Heat- Cool Hues
The dividing line of the color wheel into warm and cool groups:
Y/YG + RP/P (12:30 + 6:30)
Afford the greatest visual contrast.
Comparison of Opposites - Warm and Cool
Lightness or darkness of the hue.
Value
- Process
- Tint
- Shade
- Value Cones
Changing the Value of any Hue
Nine levels between white and black formed by the mixture of black and white in varying proportions.
The Gray Scale
- Most- high levels (7,8,9) (light grays)
- Least- Low levels (1,2,3) (dark grays)
Reflectance Characteristics (Gray Scale)
Mix various amounts of either white or black to the hue.
Process
Hue mixed with progressive quantities of white.
Tint
Weakens the brillance but raises the value.
Effect of Tint on the Hue
Hue mixed with progressive quantities of black.
Shade
Weakens the brillance but lowers the value.
Effect of Shade on the Hue
- Red- pink, rose, cherry, coral
- Yellow- Lemon, cream, ivory
- Blue- Sky, baby, robins egg
- Orange- Salmon, amber, peach
- Green- Apple, pea, lime
- Purple- Lavender, orchid
Illustration of Tint
- Red- Burgundy, cordovan, maroon
- Yellow- Mustard
- Blue- Navy, royal, midnight
- Orange- Burnt-orange, tobacco, copper
- Green- Jade-green, forest, hunter
- Purple- Plum, grape, prune
Illustration of Shade
- Tint cone
- Shade cone
- Axis of the adjoined cones
Value Cones
Color wheel forms the lip, the apex is white, as each hue rises, the value changes to lighter tints.
Tint Cone
The cone is inverted, the apex is black, as each hue descends it becomes darker.
Shade Cone
This is the gray scale.
- Class of color betwen the axis and the periphery of either cone- Tertiary colors (tone)
Axis of the Adjoined Cones
Pureness or dullness (grayness) of hue.
Intensity
Grayed hue including brown.
Description of Tone
Becomes pleasant with subdued brillance.
Effect of Reduced Purity (Tone)
- Admixture of the hue with the complement
- Admixture of the hue with a gray pigment (direct method)
Methods of Reducing Purity (Intensity)
Mixture of two hues which make gray.
Complements
Opposites on the color wheel.
Location of Complements
Symbol used to signify complementary colors
⇔
Admixing complements in equal amounts makes:
Gray
Admixture of complements with an excess of the warm hue makes:
Brown
Admixture of complements with an excess of the cool hue:
Slate
Any two hues placed side by side influence the appearance of each other.
Juxtaposition
If non-complements are juxtaposed, they ____ each other.
Dull
If complements are juxtaposed, they appear more ____.
Vivid
Intensify the brilliance of each other.
Effect of Pure (Complementary) Hues on Each Other
Reduce the brilliance of each other.
Effect of Grayed (complementary) Hues on Each Other
