Non Wax Treatments (Part 1) Flashcards
- Cavity Fluid
- Phenol
- Mortuary Bleaches
- Sodium Hypochlorite
Chemical Agents - Bleaching
Commonly used when time permits. Techniques include:
- Cotton Compress
- Hypodermic Injection
Cavity Fluid
When bleaching with cavity fluid, this technique is the least effective because of the lack of control on distribution.
Hypodermic Injection
Used when speed is important.
- Apply with a cotton swab or brush.
Phenol
These have great bleaching ability, but may burn the skin.
- Alcohol between applications will halt the corrosive action.
Strong Solutions of Phenol
These are to be used carefully.
- Modify the harsh effect of phenol.
Mortuary Bleaches
May be used for a compress to bleach.
- Disadvantage: Has a lingering odor
Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach)
- Cavity Fluid
- Phenol
- Alcohol
- Mortuary Bleaches
- Plaster of Paris
- Hardening Compound
- Incision Sealer
Chemical Agents - Dehydrating
- Hypodermically inject a highly astringent mortuary chemical into the distended area.
- Press the fluid back out of the needle puncture.
- Repeat as necessary
Constricting
Chemically, you can use phenol.
As a Substitute for Constricting Chemicals
- Petroleum Jelly
- Mortuary Cement
- Instant Bond Cement
Adhesives
Used for posing features.
Petroleum Jelly
To make cotton into a firm mass for deep-filling a wound, use:
- Liquid Sealer
- Plaster of Paris
Binding
Medicinal, occupational, road dirt, or cigarette tar on the fingers.
Visible Stains
Wash the skin and apply massage cream to prevent dehydration.
To Remove Visible Stains
Remove these stains with massage cream.
Ornamental Cosmetics
Remove these stains with acetone.
Nail Polish
- Adhesive tape- alcohol, ether
- Blood- soap and cold water with a little borax
- Bonded polymer cement- acetone, toluene, benzine
- Creosote- gasoline
- Gentian Violet- acid-alcohol
- Grease or oil- trichloro-ethylene
- Iodine- alcohol for fresh stains, sodium thiosulfate, sodium hypochlorite
- Ink (ballpoint)- acetone, ethyl acetate
- Lacquer- Acetone
- Mercurochrome- sodium hypochlorite, then rinse with vinegar, acid-alcohol
- Merthiolate- acid-alcohol
- Methylene blue- acid-alcohol
- Nicotine- lemon juice, sodium hypochlorite (5%)
- Ointments- trichloro-ethylene, ether
- Paint- turpentine
- Potassium Permanganate- Oxalic acid, very dilute hypochloric acid
- Resin- benzine
- Silver Nitrate- Paint with iodine and wash with soap and water; then apply sodium hypochlorite (5%)
- Tar- benzine, kerosene
- Varnish- Turpentine mixed with a small amount of household ammonia.
Other Chemicals For Removing Stains (From Book)
These may be employed:
- Externally
- Internally
- In Deep Wounds
Cotton Compress
These may be used to:
- Bleach
- Preserve
- Dehydrate
- Reduce Swelling
- Maintain Contacts of Parts
Cotton Compresses
For a cranial postmortem treatment, at this time, do not permit the scalp to remain everted downward over the face.
During Embalming
This can result in:
- A dark brown line (furrow) being created
- Distortion of the features
Leaving The Scalp Everted During Embalming (Cranial Postmortem Treatment)
For a cranial postmortem treatment, at this time:
- Ligate the vessels within the skull.
After Embalming
After Embalming, if you are unable to ligate the torn vessels within the skull:
Impact with pellets of cotton and sealer.
Wiring is accepted as the most effective way of holding this in position so it does not shift.
Calvarium
A ridge may be apparent through the scalp when this happens.
When The Replaced Calvarium Does Not “Seat” Properly.
Use a strip of cotton, paper, or wax to bridge the crevice to mask this surface flaw.
Apparent Ridge From The Calvarium Does Not “Seat” Properly
This kind of discoloration must be masked with opaque cosmetics.
Generalized Discolorations
Require an opaque liquid cosmetic “undercoat” followed by opaque cream cosmetics.
Very Dark Discolorations
These discolorations include back eyes and contusions.
Localized Discolorations
- May be bleached using a cotton compress.
- Bleaching will lighten the skin color enough to be able to mask the area with a minimum amount of cosmetics.
Localized Discolorations
An alternate method to treat localized discolorations:
- Apply with a brush or cotton swab.
- Followed with an application of alcohol
Phenol
This is the least effective method of lightening localized discolorations.
- Cannot be confined to the area.
Hypodermic Injection
This lies in the lower third of the eyesocket.
Line of Closure
The posterior edge edge of the upper eyelid touches the _______ edge of the lower.
Anterior
Use a thin, flat piece of cotton, rounded to the size of the eyeball.
When Padding Beneath The Eyelids is Needed
This is located medially off center.
- Correct by using a small cotton pad.
Greatest Projection of The Upper Eyelid
Make make it difficult to close the eyelids before embalming.
Dehydrated Eyelids
- Stretch the eyelid
- Eyecaps
- Petroleum Jelly
- Incise The Restraining Muscle of The Upper Lid
- Excision And Rebuilding With Wax
- Incision to Retain Subject’s Eyelashes
Treating Dehydrated Eyelids
By moving an aneurysm hook beneath the lids.
Stretch the Eyelid
- Perforated
- Cement placed on them
Eyecaps
Used to hold the eyelids in contact when there is no great tension drawing them apart.
Petroleum Jelly
- Using an aneurysm hook- pull the upper eyelid upward.
- With a fine scalpel - cut across the entire bony surface of the upper wall of the eyesocket.
- Insert an eyecap and cement lids in position.
Incise The Restraining Muscle of The Upper Eyelid (Levator Palpebrae Superioris)
Done in cases of extreme dehydration when the eyelashes are in poor condition.
Excision And Rebuilding With Wax
Restore the area using:
- False eyelashes
- Wax to recreate the eyelids
Technique For Excision And Rebuilding With Wax
Done in cases of extreme dehydration when the eyelashes and edge of the upper lid are in good condition.
Incision to Retain Subject’s Eyelashes
- Make an incision 3/16” above the eyelash.
- Draw this section downward to the lower lid and cement using an eyecap.
- Recreate the upper lid using wax.
Technique For Incision to Retain Subject’s Eyelashes
Fill the opening with a small pellet of colored wax.
Dehydrated Inner Canthus
Also known as a black eye.
Ecchymosis
May result in swelling and discoloration in the eyelid and adjacent areas.
- The capillaries within the eyelids rupture and blood escapes into the intercellular spaces.
- The resulting coagulated blood cannot be removed by aspiration.
A Forceful Impact on or Near The Eye
This usually increases the swelling of ecchymosis.
- Use a strong solution of embalming chemical under lower pressure.
Embalming
To control the swelling in cases of ecchymosis, apply external pressure.
During Emblaming
If there is a high liquid content of the upper eyelid:
- Make small incisions on the undersurface of the eyelid.
- Place dry cotton under the eyelid.
- Lightly exert pressure on the surface.
- Change the cotton periodically.
- Be sure adjacent areas are heavily creamed.
- An internal compress saturated with a constricting chemical may be applied.
- Replace with a pad of dry cotton.
After Embalming- Ecchymosis
Use a cotton compress with one of the following:
- Preservative cavity fluid/preservative gels
- Phenol
- Mortuary bleaching chemical
For Surface Preservation and Bleaching - Ecchymosis
- The surface of the skin must be kept covered.
- Avoid burning the skin
- Move the blade in a darting motion.
- As the blade cools- withdraw it until the heat builds again.
- Avoid extensive contact
Reducing The Eyelid Using an Electric Spatula (Tissue Reducer)
By using a large amount of:
- Massage cream
- Petroleum jelly
The Surface of The Skin Must be Kept Covered (electric spatula)
Immediately replace the cream or jelly as it melts.
To Avoid Burning The Skin (electric spatula)
Following the convolutions of the surface.
Move the Hot Spatula Blade in a Darting Motion
Withdraw it until the heat builds again.
As The Blade Cools
With the edges of the eyelids to prevent:
- The margins from curling outward.
- Damage to the eyelashes
Avoid Extensive Contact
- Surgical removal of fat from behind the eyeball.
- Hypodermic injection of a constricting chemical out through the needle puncture.
- Exicision of a “melon slice” section across the upper eyelid.
- Surgical removal of the undersurface of the eyelid.
- Moving the excess skin of the upper eyelid under the upper rim and cementing it there.
Other Possible Treatments- Ecchymosis
Surgical removal of ____ from behind the eyeball.
Fat
Of a constricting chemical under the eyelids, massaging the excess liquid out through the needle puncture.
Hypodermic Injection
- Dry, seal, and cement margins.
- No wax is necessary if done on a wrinkle.
Excision of a “Melon Slice” Section Across The Upper Eyelid.
Followed by an internal compress of constricting chemical.
Surgical Removal of The Undersurface of The Eyelid
Moving the excess skin of the upper eyelid under the _____ ___ and _____ it there.
Upper Rim, Cementing
Final Adjustments for this may be made with:
- Wax
- Opaque Cosmetics
Correcting Ecchymosis
Caused by projection of the eyeball.
Protruding Eyes
If protruding eyes was a condition that existed in life and was accepted as a characteristic of that person:
Do Nothing
- The gas may be released by puncture of the cribiform plate.
- Access is achieved upward through the nostrils.
- The brain can also be hypodermically injected through this point.
If the distension (protruding eyes) is caused by putrefaction within the cranial cavity:
To treat protruding eyes, ___ ____ of fat around and behind the eyeball.
Surgical Removal
To treat protruding eyes:
- Incise the eyeball
- Aspirate the eyeball
Removal of The Humors of The Eyeball
To treat protruding eyes, removal of the ______.
Eyeball
- Cotton support of the eyelids.
- Raise the eyeball by hypodermically injecting tissue builder behind the eye.
Suken Eyeball And Marginal Concavities
Swelling from edema or embalming can be reduced:
- During embalming- By external pressure or aspiration.
- After Embalming- Same as Ecchymosis
Swollen Eyelids (Non-Traumatic)
By external pressure or aspiration.
During Embalming- Swelling From Edema or Embalming Can be Reduced:
External pressure can be used to treat a swollen orbital pouch.
During Embalming
Swollen Orbital Pouch:
- Hypodermically inject a constricting chemical.
- Removal of injection after several minutes (repeat if necessary).
- Electric spatula may be used to supplement the treatment.
After Embalming
When broken bones do not piece the skin.
Simple Fractures
May be realigned by bumping or pressing the bone back into position.
Simple Fractures
If bumping or pressing the bone back into position fails, an incision may be necessary for corrective treatment.
Simple Fractures
