prevention Flashcards
whats the primary level of prevention
interventions that aim to prevent the outcome from occurring in the first place
what are secondary level preventions
these aim to reduce the impact of the outcome or its duration, or preventing reoccurrence
what is tertiary level prevention
prevention that aims to reduce the number or impact of further complications, or improve rehab
examples of primary interventions
vaccine, alcohol tax to reduce cancer or car crash, dietary changes and education
examples of secondary interventions
cures or treatment stopping condition once initiated. or earlier diagnosis tools like cervical swabs. better blood pressure treatments
examples of teritary interventions
access to high quality rehab, assisstance getting back to work, diabetes monitoring
whats the high risk approach to prevention
individuals in special need of treatment are identified, the preventative measure to control level of exposure to a cause or provide protection from outcome consequences in the high risk group
whats the population prevention strategy
aims to reduce health risks of entire population
examples of high risk prevention methods
targeted education of people around specific things, smoking and drinking cessation programmes
examples of population prevention methods
increasing tax on bad products, lower blood alcohol to drive, seatbelt laws, vaccine, education on blood pressure
pros of high risk methods
appropriate to the individual, individually motivated, clinician motivated, favourable benefit to risk ratio for individual people
cons of high risk methods
having to identify the high risk individuals, might be against population norms, can be hard to sustain individual behaviour changes
pros of population methods
radical, large potential for the whole population, the new prevention becomes behaviorally appropriate
cons of population methods
small benefits to individuals, poor individual motivation, benefit to risk ratio may be low for individuals
whats the prevention paradox
A large number of people at small risk may give rise to more cases of disease than the small number who are at high risk
