outbreaks Flashcards
define infection
entry of a microbial agent into a higher order host and reproduction within said host
define infestation
entry of microbial agent into external surface of host only
define infectivity
the ability of an organism to invade and multiply in a host
define pathogenicity
ability of an organism to produce clinical symptoms and illness
define virulence
ability of an organism to produce serious disease
define direct transmission
touching or inhaling infectious secretions
define indirect transmission
transmission involving a vehicle, whether its inanimate - fomite, food water, soil
or a live vector
define droplet transmission
transmission via droplet nuclei
define epidemic
unexpected increase in the incidence of disease. the increase in incidence occurring in an area with the disease, or cases arising in an area that does not usually have that disease
define endemic
constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a geographical area or population
define holoendemic
intense disease all year round, thus children are mainly infected
define hyperendemic
intense disease with periods of no transmission, persistent with all ages as it comes and goes
define pandemic
disease affects a large number of people and crosses many international boundaries
define clusters
aggregation of relatively uncommon events or diseases in space or in time that are thought to be greater than could be expected by chance
who are 6 of the types of people who may recognise disease
members of community, media, clinicians, local public health agencies, national public health agencies, academic organisations
