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Systems: Cardiovascualar AB > Pressure and Flow in Arteries and Veins > Flashcards

Pressure and Flow in Arteries and Veins Flashcards

1
Q

How can arterial pressure be measured?

A

Ausculatation of Kortokoff sounds using sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

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2
Q

What is the order of sounds that should be heard when measuring arterial pressure?

A
  • Silence
  • Tapping
  • Thumping
  • Muffled
  • Silence
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3
Q

What sound is an indication of systolic pressure?

A

Start of the tapping sound

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4
Q

What sound is an indication of diastolic pressure?

A

Disappearance of sound

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer to measure arterial pressure?

A
  • Tends to underestimate
  • Can’t get a second by second reading which means a continuous reading cannot be obtained
  • Takes practice
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6
Q

What are the advantages of using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer to measure arterial pressure?

A
  • Non-invasive

- Cheap

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7
Q

What vessels act as pressure reservoirs?

A

Elastic arteries

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8
Q

What do elastic arteries do?

A

Damps down pressure variations

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9
Q

What can elastic energy stored during filling of vessels be used for?

A

To push blood into smaller vessels

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10
Q

What is the pressure wave affected by?

A
  • Stroke volume
  • Velocity of ejection
  • Elasticity of arteries
  • Total peripheral resistance
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11
Q

What is ‘normal’ arterial pressure?

A

120/80 mmHg

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12
Q

How does age affect arterial pressure?

A

Increases

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13
Q

Where is the systemic filling pressure found?

A

In the venules and veins

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14
Q

How does pressure vary across the components of the CV system?

A

Decreases from

  • Left ventricle
  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Capillaries
  • Venules/veins
  • Right atrium
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15
Q

What happens to pressure throughout the vascular tree?

A

It falls

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16
Q

What is velocity related to?

A

Total cross section

17
Q

How does velocity differ across components of the CV system?

A
  • Fastest in the aorta and vena cava

- Slowest in the capillaries

18
Q

What is the pressure drop in through the arteries?

A
  • Small drop
  • 95 to 90 mmHg
  • Low resistance conduit
19
Q

What is the pressure drop in through the arterioles?

A
  • Large drop
  • 90 to 40 mmHg
  • Resistance vessels
20
Q

Why is it good that the pressure is already low in the capillaries?

A

They are thin walled

21
Q

What is the pressure difference pushing blood back through the veins?

A
  • Small change
  • 20 to 5 mmHg
  • Systemic filling pressure
22
Q

How does the pulmonary circulation pressure compare to that of the systemic circulation?

A

1/5th of the systemic

23
Q

What does the low pressure in veins mean?

A

The change in pressure driving blood back to the heart is low

24
Q

What does the fact that vessels are distensible and collapsible mean?

A

External influences affect flow

25
Q

What external influences affect flow?

A
  • Gravity
  • Skeletal muscle pumping
  • Respiratory pump
  • Venomotor tone
  • Systemic filling pressure
26
Q

What does gravity not affect?

A

Driving pressure from arteries to veins

27
Q

What are the effects of venous distension in the legs caused by gravity?

A
  • Decreased EDV
  • Decreased preload
  • Decreased SV
  • Decreased CO
  • Decreased MAP
  • Can cause orthostatic hypotension
28
Q

What can venous collapse in the neck caused by gravity be used to estimate?

A

Central venous pressure

29
Q

What happens to pressures during inhalation?

A

Negative pressure created in the lungs and a positive pressure in the abdomen

30
Q

What is the skeletal muscle pump significant in?

A
  • Rhythmic vs static exercise
  • Hot guardsmen
  • Deep vein thrombosis
  • Varicose veins
31
Q

What is venometer tone?

A

State of contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the venules and veins

32
Q

What does the venometer tone do?

A

Mobilises capacitance

33
Q

What is the systemic filling pressure?

A

Pressure created by ventricles and transmitted through vascular tree to the veins

Systems: Cardiovascualar AB (42 decks)

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