Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems: Cardiovascualar AB > Exchange and the Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Exchange and the Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

In what 3 ways are capillaries specialised for exchange?

A
  • There are lots of them with every tissue being within 100 micrometres of one
  • Thin-walled presenting a small diffusion barrier
  • Small diameter producing a big surface area to volume ratio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do continuous capillaries contain?

A

Cell junctions which are tight together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do fenestrated capillaries contain?

A

Clefts and channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are absent in the continuous capillaries found in the brain?

A

Channels and clefts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are found in the fenestrated capillaries?

A

Clefts and channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example of where fenestrated capillaries are found.

A

Intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are found in the discontinuous capillaries?

A

Clefts and massive channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an example of where discontinuous capillaries would be found?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why are discontinuous capillaries found in the liver?

A

Exchange of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does clotting involve?

A
  • Formation of a platelet plug

- Formation of a fibrin clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is a platelet plug formed?

A
  • If the endothelium is torn then there is exposure to the basement membrane
  • There is exposure to collagen which forms the platelet clot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is a fibrin clot formed?

A

Thrombin acts on fibrinogen to form fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What anti-clotting mechanisms of the endothelium are there?

A
  • Stops blood contacting collagen
  • Produces prostacyclin and NO
  • Produces tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
  • Expresses thrombomodulin
  • Expresses heparin
  • Secretes tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does stopping blood contact with collagen prevent clotting?

A

Stops platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does producing prostacyclin and NO prevent clotting?

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does producing TFPI prevent clotting?

A

Stops thrombin production and inactivates it

17
Q

How does expressing thrombomodulin prevent clotting?

A

Inactivates thrombin

18
Q

How does the secretion of t-PA prevent clotting?

A

Plasminogen becomes plasmin and digests any clot formed

19
Q

In what ways can molecules be exchanged between tissues and the capillaries?

A
  • Diffusion
  • Carrier-mediated transport
  • Bulk flow
20
Q

How does diffusion allow transport?

A
  • Self regulates as it responds to concentration gradients
  • Non-saturable as it responds to changes in the concentration gradient
  • Non-polar substances diffuse across the membrane
  • Polar substance diffuse through clefts and channels
21
Q

Give an example of a carrier-mediated transporter.

A

Glucose transporter

22
Q

What are the 2 pressures involved in Starlings forces?

A
  • Capillary hydrostatic pressure vs ISF hydrostatic pressure

- Plasm osmotic pressure vs ISF osmotic pressure

23
Q

How does the hydrostatic pressure vary from arteriole to venule?

A

Decreases

24
Q

How does the osmotic pressure vary from arteriole to venule?

A

Increases

25
Q

Which side of the capillary is the high pressure side?

A

Arteriole

26
Q

How is bulk flow established?

A
  • Hydrostatic pressure greater at arteriole
  • Water is moved out of the capillary from arteriole to venule
  • There is therefore an increase in the solutes concentration
  • In response the osmotic pressure increases from arteriole to venule
27
Q

What is the fluid exchange of bulk flow?

A
  • 20l lost per day
  • 17l gained per day
  • 3l enters the lymphatic system
28
Q

What is Kwashiorkor caused by?

A

Insufficient protein in the diet leading to proteinemia and causing an imbalance in starling forces

29
Q

What do lymph capillaries tend towards?

A

The heart

30
Q

What happens when skeletal muscle contracts?

A

Squeezes on lymph system

31
Q

What is oedema?

A

Accumulation of fluid

32
Q

What 4 states can cause oedema?

A
  • Lymphatic obstruction
  • Raised CVP
  • Hypoproteinemia
  • Increased capillary permeability
33
Q

What can cause lymphatic obstruction?

A
  • Filariasis

- Surgery

34
Q

What can cause raised CVP?

A

Ventricular failure

35
Q

What can cause hypoproteinemia?

A
  • Nephrosis
  • Liver failure
  • Nutrition
36
Q

What can cause increased capillary permeability?

A

-Inflammation e.g rheumatism

Systems: Cardiovascualar AB (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions