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Systems: Cardiovascualar AB > Arrythmias: Pathophysiology, Presentation + Investigation > Flashcards

Arrythmias: Pathophysiology, Presentation + Investigation Flashcards

1
Q

How can an arrhythmia present?

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Palpitations
  • Dyspnoea
  • Chest pain
  • Fatigue
  • Embolism
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2
Q

How are arrhythmias investigated?

A
  • Document arrhythmia on 12 lead ECG, 24 hr recording/ event recorder
  • Blood tests including thyroid function
  • ECHO
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3
Q

What are the therapeutic approaches?

A
  • Rate control vs rhythm control

- Consider anticoagulation

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4
Q

How is supraventricular tachycardia described?

A

AV node re-entrant tachycardia

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5
Q

How does SVT present?

A
  • Palpitations
  • Dyspnoea
  • Dizziness
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6
Q

What is the prognosis for SVT?

A

-Good

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7
Q

What is the treatment for SVT?

A
  • Drugs

- RFA

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8
Q

What can SVT be due to?

A

Accessory pathway- WPW if overt

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9
Q

What is the treatment for atrial flutter?

A
  • Control ventricular rate and thromboembolic risk
  • Usually cardiovert
  • Prevent with AA drugs or RFA of cavotricuspid isthmus
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10
Q

What protocol should be followed for ventricular fibrillation?

A

Cardiac arrest protocol

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11
Q

What does ventricular tachycardia present with?

A
  • Palpitations
  • Chest pain
  • Dyspnoea
  • Dizziness
  • Syncope
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12
Q

What is VT usually due to?

A

Structural heart disease

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13
Q

What investigations should be carried out for VT?

A
  • Bloods
  • ECHO
  • Angio
  • etc
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14
Q

How is VT treated?

A
  • Cardiac arrest protocol
  • DC cardioversion
  • Drugs
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15
Q

How is VT prevented?

A
  • Treatment of underlying cause

- AA drugs and/or ICD

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16
Q

What causes long QT syndrome?

A

Congenital or acquired

17
Q

What can LQT syndrome cause?

A

TdP

18
Q

What is the treatment for LQT syndrome?

A
  • Drugs
  • Pacing
  • ICD
19
Q

What are the indications for ICD therapy as secondary prevention?

A
  • Cardiac arrest due to VF/VT not due to transient or reversible cause (early phase of acute MI)
  • Sustained VT causing syncope or significant compromise
  • Sustained VT with poor LV function
20
Q

What are the indications for temporary pacing?

A
  • Intermittent or sustained symptomatic bradycardia particularly syncope
  • Prophylactic when patient at high risk for development of severe bradycardia
21
Q

What are the indications for permanent pacing?

A
  • Symptomatic or profound 2nd/3rd degree AV block particularly when cause is unlikely to disappear
  • Probably Mobitz type II 2nd/3rd degree AV block even if asymptomatic
  • AV block associated with neuromuscular diseases
  • After AV node ablation
  • Alternating RBBB/LBBB
  • Syncope when bifascicular/trifascicular and no other explanation
  • Sinus node disease associated with symptoms
  • Carotid sinus hypersensitivity/malignant vasovagal syncope

Systems: Cardiovascualar AB (42 decks)

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