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Systems: Cardiovascualar AB > Imaging Circulatory Disturbances > Flashcards

Imaging Circulatory Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

What imaging techniques are used to look at anatomy?

A
  • Plain films
  • Contrast angiography
  • Ultrasound
  • CT/MRI
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2
Q

What imaging techniques are used to look at function?

A
  • Radionuclide imaging
  • MRI functional imaging
  • Ultrasound
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3
Q

What problems can vascular imaging look at?

A
  • Soft tissue contrast
  • Functional significance of lesions
  • Is treatment effective
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4
Q

Density scale

A 
Least dense
1. Air
2. Fat
3. Soft tissue
4. Bone
5. Metal
Most dense
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5
Q

What are the ideal properties of a man made contrast agent?

A
  • Inert
  • Painless
  • Easy to use
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6
Q

What structures often can’t be seen very well?

A
  • Blood vessels

- Lumen of hollow viscera

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7
Q

What are the properties of iodinated contrast?

A
  • Differential X-ray attenuation
  • Inert
  • Stable in selected body compartments
  • Painless
  • Easy to use
  • Cheap
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8
Q

What are the problems associated with iodinated contrast?

A
  • Major reactions
  • Renal dysfunction
  • Disturbance of thyroid metabolism
  • Disturbances of clotting
  • Seizures
  • pulmonary oedema
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9
Q

What are the problems associated with parenteral iodinated contrast?

A
  • Metallic taste
  • Feeling of warmth
  • Arterial injection causing micturition and discomfort
  • Rarely nausea
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10
Q

What should be discussed with the patient before administering parenteral iodinated contrast?

A
  • Previous contrast allergy
  • Asthma/atopy
  • Poor renal function
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11
Q

What drug is important to remember about when administering parenteral iodinated contrast?

A

Metformin

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12
Q

Why should metformin and parenteral iodinated contrast not be mixed?

A

Metformin can cross react with agents and induce renal failure

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13
Q

How is catheter angiography carried out?

A
  • Vessel punctured and catheterised
  • Contrast injected using pump injector
  • Rapid series of images acquired
  • Sterile procedure
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14
Q

Give examples of procedures classed as interventional radiology.

A
  • Angiography/angioplasty
  • Embolisation
  • Catheter thrombolysis
  • Drainage of abscesses
  • Nephrostomy
  • Vertebroplasty
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15
Q

When should angioplasty be used?

A
  • Short stenosis or occlusions
  • Sessile/ concentric plaques
  • Iliac> sfa > popliteal> crural
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16
Q

What type of agent is carbon dioxide?

A

Negative contrast agent

17
Q

When is carbon dioxide useful as a contrast agent?

A

Useful in patients with poor renal function or sensitivity to iodinated contrast agents

18
Q

What problems can angioplasty cause?

A
  • Occlusion
  • Dissection
  • Embolisation
  • Rupture
  • Infection
19
Q

What are the properties of ultrasound?

A
  • No radiation dose
  • Quick
  • Non invasive
  • Resolution vs penetration
  • May be more physiological
  • Operator dependent
20
Q

How does a normal vein present on ultrasound?

A

Normal vein has low pressure and is compressible

21
Q

How does DVT present on ultrasound?

A

Vein is full of thrombus and is not compressible

22
Q

Give examples of applications of radionuclide imaging.

A
  • Perfusion
  • Blood loss
  • Sequential imaging
  • Perfusion of transplanted kidneys
  • Blood loss into GI tract
23
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear medicine?

A
  • IV injection only
  • Good patient compliance
  • Easy to arrange
24
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear medicine?

A
  • Radiation dose
  • Very insensitive
  • Very non-specific
25
Q

What are the advantages of computed tomography angiogram?

A
  • Gives information about other structures
  • Sensitive
  • IV injection only
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of computed tomography angiogram?

A
  • Radiation dose
  • High contrast agent
  • Expensive
27
Q

What are the advantages of magnetic resonance angiography?

A
  • Sensitive
  • Specific
  • No radiation
  • No nephrotoxic contrast
28
Q

What are the disadvantages of magnetic resonance angiography?

A
  • Very expensive
  • Needs state of the art machinery
  • High contrast cost
29
Q

What are 4 properties of MRI?

A
  • MRI is more expensive than CT
  • Some people with pacemakers can have MRIs
  • It involves high magnetic fields
  • There is nor dose of radiation
30
Q

Consent

A

A process in which a patient learns the key facts about an investigation/treatment, including potential risks and benefits, before deciding whether or not to proceed

31
Q

Consent in radiology

A

Informed consent continues throughout the procedure

32
Q

In interventional radiology who should seek consent?

A

The person doing the procedure

Systems: Cardiovascualar AB (42 decks)

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