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Y3 Neurology > Presenting Complaints > Flashcards

Presenting Complaints Flashcards

1
Q

what is aphasia

A

inability to use language

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2
Q

what is dyskinesia

A

involuntary movement

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3
Q

what is dyscalculia

A

difficulty with mathematics

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4
Q

what is dysgraphia

A

deficiency in ability to write

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5
Q

what is agnosia

A

ability to interpret sensations

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6
Q

what is spatial neglect

A

deficit in awareness of 1 side of body

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7
Q

what is apraxia

A

difficult to perform motor tasks when asked

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8
Q

what is clonus

A

rhythmic contraction of muscle elicited by passive stretch

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9
Q

is clonus an UMN or LMN feature

A

UMN

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10
Q

what is stupor

A

near unconscious,

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11
Q

what is a waddling gait a sign of

A

proximal leg weakness

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12
Q

what part of the brain is implicated in pseudoathetosis

A

cerebellum

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13
Q

define tone

A

resistance to passive movement

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14
Q

what are the types of increased tone

A

spasticity and rigidity

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15
Q

what part of the brain is implicated in reduced tone

A

cerebellum

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16
Q

is spasticity more prominent in rapid or slow movements

A

rapid movement

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17
Q

is spasticity more prominent in leg extensors or flexors

A

extensors

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18
Q

is spasticity more prominent in arm flexors/pronators or extensors/supinators

A

flexors/pronators

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19
Q

what part of the brain is implicated in a scanning dysarthria

A

ccerebellum

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20
Q

what is the commonest cause of a conductive dysphagia

A

stroke

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21
Q

what area of the brain is damaged in a conductive dysphagia

A

arcuate fasciculus that connects Broca – Wernicke

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22
Q

what is an expressive dysphagia

A

only says most important words in sentence

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23
Q

what is an receptive dysphagia

A

no speech comprehension

24
Q

what area of the brain is damaged in a expressive dysphagia

A

Broca’s area

25
Q

what area of the brain is damaged in a receptive dysphagia

A

Wernicke’s area

26
Q

CST symptoms are also called…

A

pyramidal symptoms

27
Q

what are pyramidal / CST symptoms

A

weak arm extensors, weak leg flexors

28
Q

describe cerebellar ataxia

A

broad based gait

29
Q

what area of the brain is damaged in dysdiadochokinesia

A

cerebellum

30
Q

what is “impaired ability to do rapidly alternating movements”

A

dysdiadochokinesia

31
Q

what is bradykinesia

A

slow initiating movement

32
Q

what area of the brain is damaged in bradykinesia

A

cerebellum

33
Q

what are the categories of extrapyramidal symptoms

A

hyperkinetic or hypokinetic

34
Q

hypokinetic extrapyramidal symptoms are also called…

A

parkinsonism

35
Q

tremor, tics, chorea, myoclonus and dystonia are all types of what

A

hyperkinetic movements

36
Q

“rhythmic sinusoidal oscillation of a body part, with alternate activation of agonist / antagonist muscles” is the definition of what

A

tremor

37
Q

what is the commonest type of tremor

A

essential tremor

38
Q

is an essential tremor uni or bilateral

A

bilateral

39
Q

an essential tremor is an action tremor. T or F

A

true

40
Q

what drug is used to manage essential tremor

A

propanolol

41
Q

causes of resting tremor

A

PD, psychogenic

42
Q

causes of kinetic tremor

A

Wilson’s disease

cerebellar disease

43
Q

“involuntary stereotyped movement / vocalization” is the definition of what

A

tic

44
Q

“brief irregular rapid asymmetric movements, that flit / flow from 1 body part to another” is the definition of what

A

chorea

45
Q

main causes of chorea

A

huntington’s disease
levodopa
SLE
loads of others

46
Q

“brief electric shock like jerks” is the definition of what

A

myoclonus

47
Q

are patients conscious during myoclonus

A

yes

48
Q

is an EEG abnormal during myoclonus

A

yes

49
Q

myoclonus is categorised into with and without ____

A

encephalopathy

50
Q

“involuntary muscle spasm causing sustained abnormal posture” is the definition of what

A

dystonia

51
Q

what type of dystonia affects the eyelid

A

blepharospasm

52
Q

age and gender most commonly affects by blepharospasm

A

F>M 60s

53
Q

what age does tourette syndrome always present before?

A

always before aged 18

54
Q

what condition is tourette’s associated with

A

ADHD

55
Q

are tics motor or vocal in tourette’s syndrome?

A

either

Y3 Neurology (23 decks)

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