Presenting Complaints

Question 1

what is aphasia

Answer 1

inability to use language

Question 2

what is dyskinesia

Answer 2

involuntary movement

Question 3

what is dyscalculia

Answer 3

difficulty with mathematics

Question 4

what is dysgraphia

Answer 4

deficiency in ability to write

Question 5

what is agnosia

Answer 5

ability to interpret sensations

Question 6

what is spatial neglect

Answer 6

deficit in awareness of 1 side of body

Question 7

what is apraxia

Answer 7

difficult to perform motor tasks when asked

Question 8

what is clonus

Answer 8

rhythmic contraction of muscle elicited by passive stretch

Question 9

is clonus an UMN or LMN feature

Answer 9

UMN

Question 10

what is stupor

Answer 10

near unconscious,

Question 11

what is a waddling gait a sign of

Answer 11

proximal leg weakness

Question 12

what part of the brain is implicated in pseudoathetosis

Answer 12

cerebellum

Question 13

define tone

Answer 13

resistance to passive movement

Question 14

what are the types of increased tone

Answer 14

spasticity and rigidity

Question 15

what part of the brain is implicated in reduced tone

Answer 15

cerebellum

Question 16

is spasticity more prominent in rapid or slow movements

Answer 16

rapid movement

Question 17

is spasticity more prominent in leg extensors or flexors

Answer 17

extensors

Question 18

is spasticity more prominent in arm flexors/pronators or extensors/supinators

Answer 18

flexors/pronators

Question 19

what part of the brain is implicated in a scanning dysarthria

Answer 19

ccerebellum

Question 20

what is the commonest cause of a conductive dysphagia

Answer 20

stroke

Question 21

what area of the brain is damaged in a conductive dysphagia

Answer 21

arcuate fasciculus that connects Broca – Wernicke

Question 22

what is an expressive dysphagia

Answer 22

only says most important words in sentence

Question 23

what is an receptive dysphagia

Answer 23

no speech comprehension

Question 24

what area of the brain is damaged in a expressive dysphagia

Answer 24

Broca’s area

Question 25

what area of the brain is damaged in a receptive dysphagia

Answer 25

Wernicke’s area

Question 26

CST symptoms are also called...

Answer 26

pyramidal symptoms

Question 27

what are pyramidal / CST symptoms

Answer 27

weak arm extensors, weak leg flexors

Question 28

describe cerebellar ataxia

Answer 28

broad based gait

Question 29

what area of the brain is damaged in dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 29

cerebellum

Question 30

what is "impaired ability to do rapidly alternating movements"

Answer 30

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 31

what is bradykinesia

Answer 31

slow initiating movement

Question 32

what area of the brain is damaged in bradykinesia

Answer 32

cerebellum

Question 33

what are the categories of extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 33

hyperkinetic or hypokinetic

Question 34

hypokinetic extrapyramidal symptoms are also called...

Answer 34

parkinsonism

Question 35

tremor, tics, chorea, myoclonus and dystonia are all types of what

Answer 35

hyperkinetic movements

Question 36

"rhythmic sinusoidal oscillation of a body part, with alternate activation of agonist / antagonist muscles" is the definition of what

Answer 36

tremor

Question 37

what is the commonest type of tremor

Answer 37

essential tremor

Question 38

is an essential tremor uni or bilateral

Answer 38

bilateral

Question 39

an essential tremor is an action tremor. T or F

Answer 39

true

Question 40

what drug is used to manage essential tremor

Answer 40

propanolol

Question 41

causes of resting tremor

Answer 41

PD, psychogenic

Question 42

causes of kinetic tremor

Answer 42

Wilson's disease | cerebellar disease

Question 43

"involuntary stereotyped movement / vocalization" is the definition of what

Answer 43

tic

Question 44

"brief irregular rapid asymmetric movements, that flit / flow from 1 body part to another" is the definition of what

Answer 44

chorea

Question 45

main causes of chorea

Answer 45

huntington's disease levodopa SLE loads of others

Question 46

"brief electric shock like jerks" is the definition of what

Answer 46

myoclonus

Question 47

are patients conscious during myoclonus

Answer 47

yes

Question 48

is an EEG abnormal during myoclonus

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

myoclonus is categorised into with and without ____

Answer 49

encephalopathy

Question 50

"involuntary muscle spasm causing sustained abnormal posture" is the definition of what

Answer 50

dystonia

Question 51

what type of dystonia affects the eyelid

Answer 51

blepharospasm

Question 52

age and gender most commonly affects by blepharospasm

Answer 52

F>M 60s

Question 53

what age does tourette syndrome always present before?

Answer 53

always before aged 18

Question 54

what condition is tourette's associated with

Answer 54

ADHD

Question 55

are tics motor or vocal in tourette's syndrome?

Answer 55

either