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Y3 Neurology > Neuro-Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Neuro-Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

what cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI (also internal carotid artery)

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2
Q

what cranial nerve palsy can cause a ‘down and out’ pupil and ptosis

A

III palsy

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3
Q

what is the cause of weber’s syndrome and benedikt’s syndrome?

A

midbrain stroke

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4
Q

what CN palsy can cause horizontal diplopia that is worse during distance vision

A

VI

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5
Q

what CN palsy can cause vertical diplopia that is worse looking down eg. walking downstairs

A

IV

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6
Q

what CN palsy can arise due to a posterior communicating artery aneurysm

A

III palsy

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7
Q

in a CN III palsy, due to a posterior communicating artery aneurysm, what additional symptom is present

A

painful third nerve palsy

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8
Q

what pattern of brain herniation can cause a CN III palsy

A

uncal herniation

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9
Q

is the pupil dilated or constricted in a III palsy

A

dilated

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10
Q

what syndrome causes an ipsilateral III palsy + contralateral hemiparesis due to a midbrain stroke

A

weber’s syndrome

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11
Q

what syndrome causes an ipsilateral III palsy + contralateral tremor / ataxia / chorea due to a midbrain stroke

A

benedikt’s syndrome

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12
Q

what CN palsy can cause a contralateral head tilt

A

IV

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13
Q

what CN palsy is congenital or due to trauma

A

IV

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14
Q

what CN palsy causes a n esotropia

A

VI

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15
Q

what is the aetiology of cavernous sinus syndrome

A

infection, tumour, IC aneurysm, cavernous sinus thrombosis

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16
Q

cavernous sinus syndrome can cause horner’s syndrome. T or F

A

true

17
Q

what effect does cavernous sinus syndrome have on the corneal reflex

A

can cause absent corneal reflex

18
Q

what condition can arise due to ciliary ganglion damage, taking aware the postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscle and iris?

A

adie’s pupils

19
Q

what test is diagnostic of adie’s pupil

A

TOP pilocarpine (muscarinic) constricts pupil

20
Q

what condition can cause bilateral irregular small pupils, absent light reflex, constrict on accommodation and the aetiology is syphilis / DM

A

Argyll Robertson pupil

21
Q

what condition is most common in young females and can cause anisocoria (large pupil), blurred near vision and an absent light reflex

A

adie’s pupil

22
Q

in diagnosing horner’s syndrome, what TOP drug should cause pupillary dilation?

A

TOP apraclonidine

23
Q

investigations in horner’s synd

A

CT/MRI for tumour, artery dissection/aneurysm

24
Q

lateral medullary syndrome aka Wallenberg syndrome is due to what?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery / vertebral artery occlusion
(type of stroke)

25
Q

lateral medullary syndrome aka Wallenberg syndrome can cause Horner’s syndrome. T or F

A

true

26
Q

ischaemic optic neuropathy is due to what

A

short posterior ciliary artery occlusion

27
Q

what structure is damaged in ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

CN II

28
Q

is CN II damage in ischaemic optic neuropathy acute or chronic

A

acute damage

29
Q

what are the two types of ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

arteritic and non-arteritic

30
Q

what type of ishcaemic optic neuropathy is more likely to occur in the elderly

A

arteritic

31
Q

what condition is linked to arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

giant cell arteritis

32
Q

what type of ischaemic optic neuropathy causes a more severe vision loss

A

arteritic

33
Q

is arteritic type ischaemic optic neuropathy painful

A

yes

34
Q

is non-arteritic type ischaemic optic neuropathy painful

A

no

35
Q

what is a scotoma

A

partial loss of vision in the visual field

36
Q

what type of visual field defect would a left upper occipital lobe lesion cause?

A

right homonymous lower quadrantanopia with macular sparing

37
Q

what visual field defects could a lesion of the left LGN cause?

A

right homonymous sectoranopia
OR
right homonymous hemianopia

Y3 Neurology (23 decks)

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