Anatomy Lecture 3 Spinal Nerves Flashcards
1
Q
what structure connects the sympathetic trunk with spinal nerves
A
rami communicantes
2
Q
name the functions of every pair or spinal nerves to every body wall segment
A
somatic general sensory
somatic motor
sympathetic motor
spinal reflexes
3
Q
what is paraesthesia
A
pins and needles
4
Q
what is anaesthesia
A
numbness
5
Q
what is hyperaesthesia
A
sensitivity
6
Q
what is ataxia
A
loss of co-ordination / balance / clumsiness
7
Q
the internal capsule is a common location of a CVA. true or false
A
true
8
Q
what is the location of the somatosensory cortex
A
postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex
9
Q
Name 4 potential locations of pathology in a patient with a sensory problem
A
- spinothalamic tract
- dorsal column (an ascending tract)
- internal capsule
- primary somatosensory cortex
10
Q
What spinal nerve has no cutaneous sensory axons?
A
C1
11
Q
What landmarks are associated with C2?
A
back of scalp & Adam’s apple
12
Q
What landmarks are associated with C3?
A
back of neck & jugular notch
13
Q
What landmarks are associated with C4?
A
clavicle & shoulder tip
14
Q
What landmarks are associated with C5?
A
regimental badge patch
15
Q
What landmarks are associated with C6?
A
thumb
16
Q
What landmarks are associated with C7?
A
middle finger
17
Q
What landmarks are associated with C8?
A
little finger
18
Q
What landmarks are associated with T1?
A
medial forearm
19
Q
What landmarks are associated with T2?
A
medial arm and sternal angle
20
Q
What landmarks are associated with T12?
A
pubic synthesis
21
Q
What landmarks are associated with L1?
A
groin (hand in pocket area)
22
Q
What landmarks are associated with L2?
A
anterior thigh
23
Q
What landmarks are associated with L3?
A
anterior knee
24
Q
What landmarks are associated with L4?
A
medial malleolus
25
What landmarks are associated with L5?
dorsum of foot
26
What landmarks are associated with S1?
heel
27
What landmarks are associated with S2?
posterior knee
28
Spinal cord reflexes test both sensory and motor function. T or F
True
29
What landmarks are associated with S3?
Buttock
30
What landmarks are associated with S4?
Perineum
31
What landmarks are associated with S5?
Perianal skin
32
Name nerves often have _____ spinal nerve root and therefore ______ true dermatomes
Name nerves often have MORE THAN 1 spinal nerve root and therefore OVERLAP true dermatomes
33
What are the spinal nerve root levels of the femoral nerve?
L2, L3, L4
34
What do the sensory axons in the cervical plexus arise from?
Anterior rami of C1, C2, C3 and C4
35
What area does the lesser occipital nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
Posterior to external ear
| C2
36
What area does the greater auricular nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
Part of external ear and mandible
| C2, C3
37
What area does the transverse cervical nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
Anterior neck
| C2, C3
38
What area does the supraclavicular nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
Skin over clavicle and shoulder tip
| C4
39
Where is the 'nerve point' of the neck? What is its significance?
Just above midpoint of posterior border of SCM
| Sensory nerves of cervical plexus
40
What named nerves supply the upper anterolateral trunk wall? What are their nerve roots?
Intercostal nerves
| T2-T12
41
The anterior rami of T2-T12 are not involved in ....
Plexus formation
42
What are the nerve roots of the subcostal nerve?
Anterior ramus of T12
43
What named nerves supply the lower anterolateral trunk wall? What are their nerve roots?
Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
Anterior ramus of L1 bifurcation
44
What supplies sensory information to the posterior back wall?
Posterior rami
45
What area does the axillary nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
Regimental badge patch
| C5
46
What area does the cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
Lateral forearm
| C5, C6, C7
47
What area does the radial nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
Anatomical snuffbox
| C6, C7, C8
48
What area does the median nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
Thumb + 2 lateral fingers + medial palm
| C6, C7, C8, T1
49
What area does the ulnar nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?
2 medial fingers + medial palm
| C8, T1
50
The ___ and ___ anterior rami supply the medial arm and forearm which is clinically important for referred pain from the myocardium
T1 and T2
51
Where does the ilioinguinal nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Upper medial thigh
| L1
52
Where does the genitofemoral nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Upper anterior thigh
| L1, L2
53
Where does the subcostal nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Lower abdomen + upper lateral thigh
T12
See picture on slides
54
Where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Lateral thigh
| L2, L3
55
Where does the femoral nerve supply sensory information to?
| What are its spinal nerve roots?
Anterior thigh
| L2, L3, L4
56
Where does the obturator nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Medial thigh
| L2, L3, L4
57
Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Posterior thigh + posterior knee
| S1, S2, S3
58
Where does the saphenous nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Anterior + medial lower leg
| L3, L4
59
The saphenous nerve is a branch of what nerve?
Femoral
60
Where does the sural nerve supply sensory information to?
| What are its spinal nerve roots?
Lateral lower leg
| S1, S2
61
What nerve does the sural nerve come from?
Tibial and common fibular
62
Where does the superficial fibular nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Dorsal surface of foot
| L4, L5, S1
63
Where does the deep fibular nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
1st web space
| L5
64
Where does the calcaneal nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Heel
| L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
65
Where does the medial plantar nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Medial plantar surface of foot
| L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
66
Where does the lateral plantar nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?
Lateral plantar surface of foot
| L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
67
The calcaneal nerve is a branch of what nerve?
Tibial
68
The medial and lateral plantar nerves are branches of what nerve?
Tibial
69
What are the nerve roots of the lumbrosacral plexus?
L1 - S4
70
What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?
C5 - T1
71
What are the nerve roots of the cervical plexus?
C1 - C4
72
Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:
What are the ranges of motion tested at the SHOULDER joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?
Abduction - deltoid - C5
Adduction - latissmus dorsi + pec major - C7
73
Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:
What are the ranges of motion tested at the ELBOW joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?
Flexion - biceps brachii - C5, C6
Extension - triceps brachii - C7, C8
74
Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:
What are the ranges of motion tested at the WRIST joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?
Flexion - carpal flexors - C6, C7
Extension - carpal extensors - C7, C8
(Supination and pronation not always tested)
75
Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:
What are the ranges of motion tested at the FINGER joints?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?
Flexion - digit flexors - C8
Extension - digit extensors - C7
Abduction - dorsal interossei - T1
Adduction - palmar interossei - T1
76
Clinical testing of lower limb myotomes:
What are the ranges of motion tested at the HIP joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?
Flexion - psoas major - L2, L3
Extension - hamstrings + gluteus maximus - L5, S1
77
Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:
What are the ranges of motion tested at the KNEE joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?
Flexion - hamstrings - L5, S1
Extension - quadriceps - L3, L4
78
Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:
What are the ranges of motion tested at the ANKLE joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?
Dorsiflexion - tibialis anterior - L4, L5
Plantar flexion - gastrocnemius + soleus - S1, S2
Inversion - tibialis anterior + posterior - L4
Eversion - fibularis longus + brevis - L5, S1
79
Define tone
Resistance to passive stretch
80
Spinal cord reflexes are an example of a ______ reflex arc
monosynaptic
81
What effect would an UMN and LMN lesion have on muscle tone?
```
UMN = spasticity
LMN = flaccidity
```
82
Name the reflexes tested in the upper limb?
Biceps
Triceps
Brachioradialis / supinator
83
What are the spinal nerve roots of the biceps reflex?
C5, C6
84
What are the spinal nerve roots of the triceps reflex?
C7
85
What are the spinal nerve roots of the supinator / brachioradialis reflex?
C6
86
Name the reflexes tested in the lower limb?
Knee
| Ankle
87
What are the spinal nerve roots of the knee reflex?
L4
88
What are the spinal nerve roots of the ankle reflex?
S1
89
Meralgia paraesthetica is caused by compression of what nerve?
Where is it compressed?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
| Under inguinal ligament
90
What motor nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?
CN V
91
What motor nerve supplies muscle of the tongue?
CN XII
92
What motor nerve supplies muscle of the soft palate?
CN X and pharyngeal plexus
93
What nerve supplies the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
| C3, C4, C5
94
What motor nerve supplies the trapezius?
CN XI
95
What motor nerve supplies the SCM?
CN XI
96
What motor nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?
CN X
97
What motor nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the pharynx?
CN X
98
What muscles does the axillary nerve supply?
Deltoid and teres minor
99
What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
100
What are the nerve roots of the musculocutaneosu nerve?
C5, C6, C7
101
What nerve supplies the extensor and pronator muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Median nerve
| Ulnar nerve does a few
102
What nerve supplies the muscles of the thenar muscles?
Median nerve
103
What are the nerve roots of the median nerve?
(C5), C6, C7, C8, T1
104
What nerve supplies the tricheps brachii?
Radial nerve
105
What nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial nerve
106
What nerve supplies the extensors of the carpus and digits?
Radial nerve
107
What are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?
(C5), C6, C7, C8, (T1)
108
What nerve supplies the hypothenar muscles?
Ulnar nerve
109
What nerve supplies the interossei?
Ulnar nerve
110
What are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?
(C7), C8, T1
111
What are the 2 branches of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial and common fibular
112
What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?
L4 - S3
113
What are the nerve roots of the tibial part of the sciatic nerve?
L4 - S3
114
What are the nerve roots of the common fibular part of the sciatic nerve?
L4 - S2
115
What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?
Obturator
116
What are the nerve roots of the obturator nerve?
L2, L3, L4
117
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
118
What nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
Superficial branch of common fibular nerve of sciatic nerve
119
What nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
Deep branch of common fibular nerve of sciatic nerve
120
What nerve supplies the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
Deep branch of common fibular nerve of sciatic nerve
121
What nerve supplies the muscles of the sole of the foot?
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
122
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
Sciatic nerve
