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Y3 Neurology > Anatomy Lecture 3 Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture 3 Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what structure connects the sympathetic trunk with spinal nerves

A

rami communicantes

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2
Q

name the functions of every pair or spinal nerves to every body wall segment

A

somatic general sensory
somatic motor
sympathetic motor
spinal reflexes

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3
Q

what is paraesthesia

A

pins and needles

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4
Q

what is anaesthesia

A

numbness

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5
Q

what is hyperaesthesia

A

sensitivity

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6
Q

what is ataxia

A

loss of co-ordination / balance / clumsiness

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7
Q

the internal capsule is a common location of a CVA. true or false

A

true

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8
Q

what is the location of the somatosensory cortex

A

postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

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9
Q

Name 4 potential locations of pathology in a patient with a sensory problem

A
  • spinothalamic tract
  • dorsal column (an ascending tract)
  • internal capsule
  • primary somatosensory cortex
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10
Q

What spinal nerve has no cutaneous sensory axons?

A

C1

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11
Q

What landmarks are associated with C2?

A

back of scalp & Adam’s apple

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12
Q

What landmarks are associated with C3?

A

back of neck & jugular notch

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13
Q

What landmarks are associated with C4?

A

clavicle & shoulder tip

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14
Q

What landmarks are associated with C5?

A

regimental badge patch

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15
Q

What landmarks are associated with C6?

A

thumb

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16
Q

What landmarks are associated with C7?

A

middle finger

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17
Q

What landmarks are associated with C8?

A

little finger

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18
Q

What landmarks are associated with T1?

A

medial forearm

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19
Q

What landmarks are associated with T2?

A

medial arm and sternal angle

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20
Q

What landmarks are associated with T12?

A

pubic synthesis

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21
Q

What landmarks are associated with L1?

A

groin (hand in pocket area)

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22
Q

What landmarks are associated with L2?

A

anterior thigh

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23
Q

What landmarks are associated with L3?

A

anterior knee

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24
Q

What landmarks are associated with L4?

A

medial malleolus

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25
Q

What landmarks are associated with L5?

A

dorsum of foot

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26
Q

What landmarks are associated with S1?

A

heel

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27
Q

What landmarks are associated with S2?

A

posterior knee

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28
Q

Spinal cord reflexes test both sensory and motor function. T or F

A

True

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29
Q

What landmarks are associated with S3?

A

Buttock

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30
Q

What landmarks are associated with S4?

A

Perineum

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31
Q

What landmarks are associated with S5?

A

Perianal skin

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32
Q

Name nerves often have _____ spinal nerve root and therefore ______ true dermatomes

A

Name nerves often have MORE THAN 1 spinal nerve root and therefore OVERLAP true dermatomes

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33
Q

What are the spinal nerve root levels of the femoral nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

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34
Q

What do the sensory axons in the cervical plexus arise from?

A

Anterior rami of C1, C2, C3 and C4

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35
Q

What area does the lesser occipital nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Posterior to external ear

C2

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36
Q

What area does the greater auricular nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Part of external ear and mandible

C2, C3

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37
Q

What area does the transverse cervical nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Anterior neck

C2, C3

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38
Q

What area does the supraclavicular nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Skin over clavicle and shoulder tip

C4

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39
Q

Where is the ‘nerve point’ of the neck? What is its significance?

A

Just above midpoint of posterior border of SCM

Sensory nerves of cervical plexus

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40
Q

What named nerves supply the upper anterolateral trunk wall? What are their nerve roots?

A

Intercostal nerves

T2-T12

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41
Q

The anterior rami of T2-T12 are not involved in ….

A

Plexus formation

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42
Q

What are the nerve roots of the subcostal nerve?

A

Anterior ramus of T12

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43
Q

What named nerves supply the lower anterolateral trunk wall? What are their nerve roots?

A

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Anterior ramus of L1 bifurcation

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44
Q

What supplies sensory information to the posterior back wall?

A

Posterior rami

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45
Q

What area does the axillary nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Regimental badge patch

C5

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46
Q

What area does the cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Lateral forearm

C5, C6, C7

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47
Q

What area does the radial nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Anatomical snuffbox

C6, C7, C8

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48
Q

What area does the median nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Thumb + 2 lateral fingers + medial palm

C6, C7, C8, T1

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49
Q

What area does the ulnar nerve supply sensory information to? What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

2 medial fingers + medial palm

C8, T1

50
Q

The ___ and ___ anterior rami supply the medial arm and forearm which is clinically important for referred pain from the myocardium

A

T1 and T2

51
Q

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Upper medial thigh

L1

52
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Upper anterior thigh

L1, L2

53
Q

Where does the subcostal nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Lower abdomen + upper lateral thigh
T12

See picture on slides

54
Q

Where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Lateral thigh

L2, L3

55
Q

Where does the femoral nerve supply sensory information to?

What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Anterior thigh

L2, L3, L4

56
Q

Where does the obturator nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Medial thigh

L2, L3, L4

57
Q

Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Posterior thigh + posterior knee

S1, S2, S3

58
Q

Where does the saphenous nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Anterior + medial lower leg

L3, L4

59
Q

The saphenous nerve is a branch of what nerve?

A

Femoral

60
Q

Where does the sural nerve supply sensory information to?

What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Lateral lower leg

S1, S2

61
Q

What nerve does the sural nerve come from?

A

Tibial and common fibular

62
Q

Where does the superficial fibular nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Dorsal surface of foot

L4, L5, S1

63
Q

Where does the deep fibular nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

1st web space

L5

64
Q

Where does the calcaneal nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Heel

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

65
Q

Where does the medial plantar nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Medial plantar surface of foot

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

66
Q

Where does the lateral plantar nerve supply sensory information to?
What are its spinal nerve roots?

A

Lateral plantar surface of foot

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

67
Q

The calcaneal nerve is a branch of what nerve?

A

Tibial

68
Q

The medial and lateral plantar nerves are branches of what nerve?

A

Tibial

69
Q

What are the nerve roots of the lumbrosacral plexus?

A

L1 - S4

70
Q

What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

71
Q

What are the nerve roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1 - C4

72
Q

Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:

What are the ranges of motion tested at the SHOULDER joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?

A

Abduction - deltoid - C5

Adduction - latissmus dorsi + pec major - C7

73
Q

Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:

What are the ranges of motion tested at the ELBOW joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?

A

Flexion - biceps brachii - C5, C6

Extension - triceps brachii - C7, C8

74
Q

Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:

What are the ranges of motion tested at the WRIST joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?

A

Flexion - carpal flexors - C6, C7

Extension - carpal extensors - C7, C8

(Supination and pronation not always tested)

75
Q

Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:

What are the ranges of motion tested at the FINGER joints?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?

A

Flexion - digit flexors - C8

Extension - digit extensors - C7

Abduction - dorsal interossei - T1

Adduction - palmar interossei - T1

76
Q

Clinical testing of lower limb myotomes:

What are the ranges of motion tested at the HIP joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?

A

Flexion - psoas major - L2, L3

Extension - hamstrings + gluteus maximus - L5, S1

77
Q

Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:

What are the ranges of motion tested at the KNEE joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?

A

Flexion - hamstrings - L5, S1

Extension - quadriceps - L3, L4

78
Q

Clinical testing of upper limb myotomes:

What are the ranges of motion tested at the ANKLE joint?
What muscles are involved?
What spinal nerve roots are involved?

A

Dorsiflexion - tibialis anterior - L4, L5

Plantar flexion - gastrocnemius + soleus - S1, S2

Inversion - tibialis anterior + posterior - L4

Eversion - fibularis longus + brevis - L5, S1

79
Q

Define tone

A

Resistance to passive stretch

80
Q

Spinal cord reflexes are an example of a ______ reflex arc

A

monosynaptic

81
Q

What effect would an UMN and LMN lesion have on muscle tone?

A 
UMN = spasticity
LMN = flaccidity
82
Q

Name the reflexes tested in the upper limb?

A

Biceps
Triceps
Brachioradialis / supinator

83
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the biceps reflex?

A

C5, C6

84
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the triceps reflex?

A

C7

85
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the supinator / brachioradialis reflex?

A

C6

86
Q

Name the reflexes tested in the lower limb?

A

Knee

Ankle

87
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the knee reflex?

A

L4

88
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the ankle reflex?

A

S1

89
Q

Meralgia paraesthetica is caused by compression of what nerve?
Where is it compressed?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Under inguinal ligament

90
Q

What motor nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

CN V

91
Q

What motor nerve supplies muscle of the tongue?

A

CN XII

92
Q

What motor nerve supplies muscle of the soft palate?

A

CN X and pharyngeal plexus

93
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

C3, C4, C5

94
Q

What motor nerve supplies the trapezius?

A

CN XI

95
Q

What motor nerve supplies the SCM?

A

CN XI

96
Q

What motor nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X

97
Q

What motor nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X

98
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

99
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

100
Q

What are the nerve roots of the musculocutaneosu nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7

101
Q

What nerve supplies the extensor and pronator muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve does a few

102
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the thenar muscles?

A

Median nerve

103
Q

What are the nerve roots of the median nerve?

A

(C5), C6, C7, C8, T1

104
Q

What nerve supplies the tricheps brachii?

A

Radial nerve

105
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve

106
Q

What nerve supplies the extensors of the carpus and digits?

A

Radial nerve

107
Q

What are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

A

(C5), C6, C7, C8, (T1)

108
Q

What nerve supplies the hypothenar muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

109
Q

What nerve supplies the interossei?

A

Ulnar nerve

110
Q

What are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

(C7), C8, T1

111
Q

What are the 2 branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial and common fibular

112
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 - S3

113
Q

What are the nerve roots of the tibial part of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 - S3

114
Q

What are the nerve roots of the common fibular part of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 - S2

115
Q

What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?

A

Obturator

116
Q

What are the nerve roots of the obturator nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

117
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

118
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A

Superficial branch of common fibular nerve of sciatic nerve

119
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Deep branch of common fibular nerve of sciatic nerve

120
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep branch of common fibular nerve of sciatic nerve

121
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the sole of the foot?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

122
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Sciatic nerve

Y3 Neurology (23 decks)

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