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Y3 Neurology > Anatomy Lecture 2 Back > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture 2 Back Flashcards

1
Q

what do the dimples on the bottom of the back indicate

A

posterior superior iliac spines

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2
Q

name the parts of the trapezius

A

descending
transverse
ascending

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3
Q

name the 2 divisions of the back muscles

A

extrinsic and intrinsic

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4
Q

name the extrinsic back muscles

A

levator scapulae
rhomboids
trapezius
latissimus dorsi

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5
Q

are intrinsic or extrinsic back muscles for moving the upper limb

A

extrinsic

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6
Q

are intrinsic or extrinsic back muscles for maintaining posture and moving the spine

A

intrinsic

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7
Q

name the superficial and deep groups of intrinsic back muscles

A

superficial - erector spinae

deep - transversospinalis

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8
Q

what is the inferior attachment of the common tendon of erector spinae

A

sacrum and iliac creast

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9
Q

what are the superior attachments of the erector spinae muscle

A

rib or
transverse process or
spinous process

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10
Q

what intrinsic back muscle is located between the grooves of the transverse and spinous processes

A

transversospinalis

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11
Q

do branches of the anterior or posterior rami supply the intrinsic back muscles

A

posterior

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12
Q

name the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

transversus abdominis
internal oblique
external oblique

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13
Q

name the back muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

psoas major

quadratus lumborum

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14
Q

which muscles are responsible for extension of the spine and which muscles are responsible for rotation of the spine

A

erector spinae for extension

transversospinalis for rotation

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15
Q

which muscles are responsible for flexion of the spine

A

psoas major

rectus abdominis

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16
Q

which muscles are responsible for lateral flexion of the spine

A

erector spinae (unilateral contraction)

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17
Q

how many vertebrae are there in total

A

33

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18
Q

name the numbers of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae

A 
7
12
5
5 (fused)
4 (fused)
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19
Q

name the bony feature of vertebrae that spinal nerves pass through

A

intervertebral foraminae

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20
Q

name the curvatures of the spine

A

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis

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21
Q

what part of a vertebrae is responsible for weight bearing

A

vertebral body

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22
Q

what part of a vertebrae conveys the spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

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23
Q

what parts of a vertebrae are involved in facet joints

A

inferior and superior articular processes

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24
Q

what type of joint are facet joints

A

synovial

25
Q

name the components of the vertebral arch

A

pedicle and lamina

26
Q

which levels of the vertebrae do not have any intervertebral discs

A

between C1-C2 and fused sacrum / coccyx

27
Q

name the fibrous outer part of the intervertebral discs

A

annulus fibrosus

28
Q

name the inner part of the intervertebral discs

A

nucleus pulposus

29
Q

what ligaments connects adjacent laminae posterior to the spinal cord

A

ligamentum flavum

30
Q

which ligament is stronger and broader; the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligament

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

31
Q

what is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

prevents over flexion of the spine

32
Q

what is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

prevents over extension of the spine

33
Q

name the strong fibrous ligament that connects the tips of spinous processes

A

supraspinous ligament

34
Q

name the weak membranous ligament that connects superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes

A

interspinous ligament

35
Q

what vertebrae is referred to as the atlas

A

C1

36
Q

what vertebrae is referred to as the axis

A

C2

37
Q

what vertebrae is referred to as the vertebrae prominens

A

C7

38
Q

name the atypical features of C1

A

no body or spinous process (instead has posterior and anterior arch)

39
Q

name the atypical features of C2

A

has an odontoid process

40
Q

name the atypical features of C7

A

non-bifid huge spinous process

41
Q

what is the function of the transverse foramen (a typical feature of a vertebrae)

A

passage of vertebral arteries

42
Q

name the articulations involved in the atlanto-occipital joints

A

occipital condyles

superior articular facets of the atlas

43
Q

what type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint

A

synovial

44
Q

what are the main movements of the atlanto-occipital joints

A

neck flexion & extension

45
Q

what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint

A

synovial

46
Q

what is the main movement of the atlanto-axial joint

A

neck rotation

47
Q

what bony features replace intervertebral foraminae in the sacrum

A

anterior and posterior sacral foraminae

48
Q

what structures pass through the anterior and posterior sacral foraminae

A

anterior and posterior rami of sacral spinal nerves

49
Q

what palpable body part is the inferior end of the sacral canal

A

sacral hiatus

50
Q

where is the local anaesthetic injected into in caudal anaesthesia

A

sacral hiatus

51
Q

in caudal anaesthesia, which nerve roots are anaesthetised

A

sacral spinal nerve roots of cauda equina

52
Q

what structure is the spinal cord an inferior continuation of

A

medulla oblongata

53
Q

where does the spinal cord begin

A

foramen magnum

54
Q

what vertebral level does the spinal cord end

A

L1/2

55
Q

what is the conus medullaris

A

end of the spinal cord

56
Q

what is the cauda equina

A

bundle of spinal nerves arising from the conus medullaris

57
Q

name the layers of connective tissue surrounding the spinal cord within the spinal canal

A

pia
arachnoid
dura
epidural fat

58
Q

name the procedure that posteriorly accesses the spinal cord

A

laminectomy

59
Q

what is the action of latissimus dorsi

A

internal rotation and adduction of the upper limbs

Y3 Neurology (23 decks)

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