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Paeds AM > Prematurity > Flashcards

Prematurity Flashcards

1
Q

What are some complications of prematurity?

A 
Respiratory distress syndrome
Apnoea of prematurity 
Retinopathy of prematurity
Necrotising enterocolitis
Jaundice
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2
Q

What causes RDS?

A

Inadequate surfactant leading to high surface tension within alveoli –> atelectasis

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3
Q

What is the risk of RDS in infants ben at 26-28 and 30-31 weeks?

A

50%

25%

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4
Q

What is the presentation of RDS?

A

Tachypnoea
Intercostal recession
Expiratory grunting
Cyanosis

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5
Q

What is the investigation for RDS?

A

CXR-ground glass appearance with indistinct heart border

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6
Q

What is the prevention of RDS?

A

Maternal corticosteroids if premature labour likely

Try to prevent early labour

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7
Q

What is the management of RDS?

A

Oxygen
Assistent ventilation, preferably CPAP
Exogenous surfactant via ET tube

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8
Q

What are the complications of RDS?

A

Pneumothorax
Infection
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Chronic lung disease of prematurity

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9
Q

What is apnoea of prematurity?

A

Spontaneous cessation of breathing >20s, r shorter periods with oxygen desaturation or bradycardia
Seen in almost all neonates <28 weeks

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10
Q

What causes apnoea of prematurity?

A

Immaturity of autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

What is the management of apnoea of prematurity?

A

Apnoea monitoring
Tactile stimulation
IV caffeine

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12
Q

What is retinopathy of prematurity?

A

Abnormal development of blood vessels in retina due to prematurity –> scarring, retinal detachment and blindness
Occurs in babies <32 weeks

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13
Q

What is the management of retinopathy of prematurity?

A

Laser photocoagulation

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14
Q

What are the risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis?

A 
Very low birthweight 
Very premature 
RDS, assisted ventilation 
Sepsis
Congenital heart disease
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15
Q

What is the presentation of necrotising enterocolitis?

A 
Usually 2nd week of life
Intolerant to feeds
Bilious vomiting
Distended, tender abdomen 
Absent bowel sounds
Blood in stool
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16
Q

What investigations are done for necrotising enterocolitis?

A

FBC- neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
CRP high
Capillary blood gas= metabolic acidosis
AXR= pneumatosis intestinal, dilated bowel loops and bowel wall oedema

17
Q

What is th management of necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Non perforated= conservative

Perforated= surgery

18
Q

What are the complications of nectorising enterocolitis?

A

Perforation and peritonitis
Sepsis
Strictures
Abscess

Paeds AM (28 decks)

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