Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
What ae some causes of nephritic syndrome in children?
IgA neohropathy
Alport syndrome
Lupus nephritis
What are some causes of nephrotic syndrome in kids?
Minimal change disease
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
What are some causes of mixed disease in kids?
Post strep glomerulonephritis
What causes IgA nephropathy?
Most common cause of glomerulonephritis
IgA deposition causing increased proliferation of mesangial cells and clogging of tubules
What is IgA nephropathy associated with?
Henosh-Schonlein purpura aka IgA vasculitis
What triggers Henoch-Schonlein purple?
Viral URTI, drugs
What is the presentation of IgA nephropathy?
Macroscopic haematuria in young person 1-2 days post URTI
What investigations are done for IgA nephropathy?
Urinalysis- haematuria and light proteinuria
FBC, U&Es
What is the management of IgA nephropathy?
Usually self limiting- supportive
Corticosteroids
What is Alport syndrome?
Genetic disorder of glomerulonephritis and hearing loss
What is the presentation of Alport syndrome?
Early haematuria
Late proteinuria
Hearing loss
Eye changes
What is the most common cause of lupus nephritis?
Class IV- most severe
Diffuse proliferative nephritis
What is the presentation of lupus nephritis?
Nephritic syndrome
AKI
What investigations are done for lupus nephritis?
Urinalysis- red blood cell casts, haematuria, proteinuria
FBC, U&Es, autoantibodies
What is the management of lupus nephritis?
Immunosuppression
What causes post strep glomerulonephritis?
Immune complex deposition in glomeruli
What is the presentation of post strep glomerulonephritis?
7-14 days post strep infection, usually strep pyogenes
Microscopic haematuria, large vol proteinuria
Headache, malaise
What is the management of post strep GN?
Antibiotics if infection still present
Loop diuretics
Vasodilators
What is the prognosis for post strep glomerulonephritis?
80% make full recovery
Complications- hypertension, oedema
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Triad of proteinuria >3g/24 hours, hypoalbumnaemia <30, oedema
What is minimal change disease?
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and young people
What causes minimal change disease?
NSAIDs
Hpdgkin’s
What is the classic presentation of minimal change disease?
2-5yo with sudden onset oedema, proteinuria and low albumin
What is the management of minimal change disease?
High dose corticosteroids for 4 weeks, then slow taper over 8 weeks
What is the management of relapses of minimal change disease?
Immunosuppression
What is the prognosis for minimal change disease?
Relapses but overall good prognosis
