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Paeds AM > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is eczema?

A

Inflammatory skin condition characterised by dry, pruritic skin with a chronic relapsing course

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2
Q

What are some endogenous causes of eczema?

A 
Atopic
Seborrheic dermatitis
Discoid
Pomphylx
Juvenile plantar dermatitis
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3
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for atopic eczema?

A

Eczema for 2 months + 2 of

  • onset <2
  • flexural distribution
  • generally dry skin
  • FH/other atopic disease
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4
Q

What is the presentation of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Usually <6 months

Scalp and proximal flexures

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5
Q

What is the presentation of pomphylx eczema?

A

Palms and soles of feet

Intensely itchy

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6
Q

What are some examples of exogenous eczema?

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

Irritant contact dermatitis

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7
Q

What kins of reaction if allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for eczema?

A

Age <5
FH
Atopy
Smoke exposure

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9
Q

What is the presentation of eczema?

A

Pruritus
Dry skin
Erythema, scaling, vesicles, papules
Lichenification, hypo pigmentation, plaques, fissures

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10
Q

What is the stepwise management of eczema?

A
  1. topical emollients and steroids
  2. phototherapy
  3. systemic medications
  4. biologics
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11
Q

What are the types of topical steroid?

A
  1. hydrocortisone
  2. eumovate
  3. betnovate
  4. dermovate
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12
Q

What systemic medications can be used for eczema?

A

Methotrexate

Ciclosporin

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13
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Chronic immune mediated disease

Increased production of skin cells via autoimmune reaction, leading to build up of skin

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14
Q

What are the types of psoriasis?

A 
1= familial, early onset, common
2= related to other autoimmune conditions and environment, older onset
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15
Q

What is the histology of psoriasis?

A

Hyperkeratosis
Dilated dermal capillaries
Neutrophils and T cell infiltration

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16
Q

What are the clinical features of psoriasis?

A

Sharply demarcated, circumscribed erythematous plaques- scaly, white superficial layer, erythematous
Often symmetric

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17
Q

What are the classic psoriasis sites?

A

Extensor surfaces
Scalp
Nail changes

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18
Q

What type of psoriasis if often seen in children and adolescents?

A

Guttate psoriasis

Multiple pink papules with fine scale

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19
Q

What is the stepwise management of psoriasis?

A
  1. topical emollients and vit D analogues
  2. phototherapy
  3. Systemic medications
  4. Biologics
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20
Q

What systemic medications can be taken for psoriasis?

A

Methotrexate
Ciclosporin
Retinoids

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21
Q

What is the management of erythrodermic psoriasis?

A

Fluids and systemic treatment

Thick great ointments and emollients

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22
Q

What are molluscum contagiosum?

A

Very common

Viral

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23
Q

What is the presentation of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Small raised papules
Characteristic dimple in middle
Itchy

24
Q

What are common locations of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Armpit
Behind knees
Groin

25
Q

What is the management of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Observation- will disappear in about 18 months

If bothersome- curettage or topical destructive agents

26
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Superficial bacterial skin infection, usually caused by staph aureus

27
Q

What is the presentation of impetigo?

A

Golden crust= classic
Bollous= common in <2s, systemically unwell
Non bullous= systemically well, often around mouth and nose

28
Q

What is the management of impetigo?

A

Topical fusidic acid

Severe/bullous= Oral/IV flucloxacillin

29
Q

What are the complications of impetigo?

A

Easily spread

Staph scalded skin syndrome

30
Q

Who is staph scalded skin syndrome seen in?

A

Usually <5yo

31
Q

What is the presentation of staph scalded skin syndrome?

A

Generalised patches of erythema followed by formation of bull which burst
Similar appearance to burns
Gentle rubbing of skin causes it to peel away
Systemically unwell

32
Q

What is the management of staph scalded skin syndrome?

A

IV antibiotics and fluids

33
Q

What is the chicken pox?

A

Highly contagious generalised vesicular rash caused by VZV

34
Q

What is the presentation of chicken pox?

A

Widespread erythematous raised vesicular blistering lesions- starts on trunk/face and spreads outwards over 2-5 days
Fever, itch

35
Q

What is he management of chickenpox?

A

Self limiting
Itch- calamine lotion, antihistamine
Aciclovir if- neonate, immunocompromised, at risk of complications

36
Q

What are the complications of chickenpox?

A

Bacterial superinfection
Encephalitis
Shingles

37
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth?

A

Coxsackie virus A

38
Q

What is the presentation pf hand, foot and mouth?

A

Early- URT symptoms

1-2 days later- painful mouth ulcers, itchy blistering red spots across body

39
Q

What is the management of hand, food and mouth?

A

Resolves in 1 week-10 days

Fluids and analgesia

40
Q

What is scabies?

A

Very common and contagious parasitic mite

41
Q

What is the presentation of scabies?

A

Incredibly itchy small spots
Track marks
Classic location= finger web

42
Q

What is the management of scabies?

A

PErmethin cream twice, 1 week apart

Anihistamine for itch

43
Q

What is a complication of scabies?

A

Crusted scabies

44
Q

What is crusted scabies?

A

Serious scabies in immunocompromised patients

Patches of red skin that turn into scaly plaques

45
Q

What is slap cheek also known as?

A

Parovirus B19

46
Q

When is slap cheek contagious?

A

Before rash develops

47
Q

What is the presentation of slap cheek?

A

Early= mild fever, coryza and non specific symptoms

2-5 days later= diffuse bright red rash n both cheeks

48
Q

What is the course of slap cheek?

A

Self limting

Fades over course of 1-2 weeks

49
Q

What are the complications of slap cheek?

A

Aplastic anaemia

Pregnancy complications

50
Q

What is the presentation of the measles?

A

Early= fever, coryza, conjunctivitis
2 days later= Koplik spots- greyish white spots on buccal mucosa
3-5 days later= erythematous macular rash starting on face, classically behind ears

51
Q

What is pathognomonic of measles?

A

Koplik spots- greenish white spots on buccal mucosa

52
Q

What is the management of measles?

A

Self limiting

Notifiable disease

53
Q

What is scarlet fever associated with?

A

Group A strep, usually tonsillitis

54
Q

What is the presentation of scarlet fever?

A

Red pink blotchy macular rash with sandpaper skin, starts on trunk and spreads
Strawberry tongue

55
Q

What is the management of scarlet fever?

A

10 days phenoxymethylpenicillin

Notifiable disease

56
Q

What is the presentation of Rubella?

A

Mild erythematous macular rash- starts on fave and spreads to rest of body, lasts ~3 days
Mild fever, jolt pain, lymphadenopathy

57
Q

What is the management of rubella?

A

Self limiting

Notifiable disease

Paeds AM (28 decks)

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