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Paeds AM > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is migraine associated with?

A

FH

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2
Q

What is the oresentationof a migraine?

A

Headache- unilateral, severe, throbbing, photo and photophobia
Focal s+s= visual disturbance, paraestoesia, weakness
pallor
Associated abdominal pain, N&V

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3
Q

What is the acute management of migraine?

A

Analgesia- paracetamol, ibuprofen, triptans

Antiemetics

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4
Q

What is the indication for preventative management of migraines?

A

At least 2 a month

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5
Q

What are the options for prevention of migraines?

A

Propanolol
Pizotifen
Topiramate

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6
Q

What are the indications for imaging in headache?

A 
Features of cerebellar dysfunction
Features of raised ICP
New focal neuroleptic deficit
Seizures
Personality change
Unexplained deterioration in schoolwork
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7
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

Tendency to recurrent seizures caused my abnormal electrical activity int he brain

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8
Q

What type of seizures are normally seen in children?

A

Generalised

Absence typically in kids

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9
Q

What investigations are done for a 1st generalised seizure>

A

ECG

FBC, U&Es, glucose

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10
Q

What investigation is done for a 2nd generalised seizure?

A

ECG
FBC, U&Es, glucose
EEG

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11
Q

When is MRI done for seizures?

A

<2yo
Focal seizures
Not responding to treatment

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12
Q

What is the management of generalised seizures?

A 
1st= sodium valproate
2nd= lamotrigdine, carbamazepine
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13
Q

What is the management of absence seizures?

A 
1st= ethosuximide
2nd= sodium valproate
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14
Q

What is the management of focal seizures?

A 
1st= carbamazepine, lamotrigdine
2nd= sodium valproate
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15
Q

What is the management of status epilepticus?

A 
Hospital= IV lorazepam
Community= buccal midazolam, rectal diazepam
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16
Q

What are some non pharm options of epilepsy management?

A

Ketogenic diet
Vagus nerve stimulation
Surgery

17
Q

What are some types of non epileptic seizures/seizure like activity seen in children?

A 
Febrile convulsions
Reflex anoxic seizures
Psychogenic
Syncope
Parasomnias
Behavioral stereotypes
18
Q

What are febrile convulsions?

A

Brief and generalised tonic/tonic-clonic seizure caused by rapid rise in temp in viral infection

19
Q

What age are febrile convulsions seen in?

A

6 months- 5yo

20
Q

What is the presentation of febrile convulsions?

A

Usually <5 mins

Tonic-clonic/tonic

21
Q

What is the prognosis of febrile convulsions?

A

1/3 ill have another

Anti-pyrexials don’t decrease chance of another

22
Q

What is the inheritance of Duchenne MD?

A

X linked recessive

23
Q

What is the presentation of Duchenne MD?

A 
3-5yo
Delayed gross motor skills
Symmetrical proximal weakness
Waddling gait
Calf hypertrophy
Gower's sign + 
Cardiomyopathy
Respiratory involvement as progresses
24
Q

What is Gower’s sign?

A

Uses arms to get to standing from lying due to pelvic girdle weakness

25
Q

What investigation is done for Duchenne MD?

A

CK- elevated

26
Q

What is the management of Duchenne?

A

Oral steroids- slow progression
Creatinine supplementation
Supportive

27
Q

Whatis the prognosis of Duchenne?

A

25-30 year life expectancy

28
Q

What is Beckers MD?

A

Like Duchenne but less severe

29
Q

What is myotonic dystrophy?

A

Usually presents in adulthood

key feature= prolonged muscle contractions- if you shake their hand, they will hold on unable to let go

30
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

Disorder of movement and posture due to non progressive lesion of motor pathway in developing brain

31
Q

What are the causes of cerebral pals?

A

Antenatal= 80%
Intrapartum 10%
Postnatal= 10%

32
Q

What are the antenatal cases of cerebral pals?

A

Cerebral malformation

Congenital infection- rubella, toxoplasmosis, CMV

33
Q

What are some intrapartum causes of cerebral palsy?

A

Asphyxia

Trauma

34
Q

What are some post natal causes of cerebral palsy?

A

Intraventricualr haemorrhage
Meningitis
Trauma

35
Q

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

A

Spastic

36
Q

What is associated with cerebral palsy?

A

Learning difficulties
Epilepsy
Hearing impairment

37
Q

What is the presentation of cerebral palsy?

A

Failure to meet milestnes
Increased or decreased tone
Problems with coordination
Hand preference <18 months

38
Q

What is the management of cerebral palsy?

A

Spasticity= diazepam, baclofen, Botulinum toxin A

Surgery

Paeds AM (28 decks)

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