PRELIM-physical examination of urine Flashcards
observation of these
characteristics provides preliminary information concerning
disorders such as___
glomerular bleeding,
liver disease,
inborn errors of metabolism,
and urinary tract infection
Measurement
of ___ aids in the evaluation of renal tubular function.
specific gravity
The results of the physical portion of the urinalysis also
can be used to confirm or to explain findings in the ___
and ____ areas of urinalysis
chemical; microscopic
normal color of the urine are
pale yellow,
yellow, and dark yellow.
The yellow color
of urine is caused by the presence of a pigment, which Thudichum named ___
urochrome
__ is a product of
endogenous metabolism, and under normal conditions the body
produces it at a constant rate
Urochrome
the presence of uroerythrin can indicate that the specimen have been preserve using
refrigerator
refrigerated specimen as well will produce what kind of crystals
amorphous urates
an oxidation prod
uct of the normal urinary constituent urobilinogen, imparts an
orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh.
urobilin
A urine specimen that contains bilirubin may also contain __, reinforcing the need to follow standard precautions.
hepatitis virus
Dark yellow colored urine yellow foam appears when shaken is a positive physical characteristic of
bilirubin
also produces a yellow-orange urine; however,
yellow foam does not appear when the specimen is shaken
urobilin
Photo-oxidation of bilirubin imparts a yellow-green color to
the urine caused by the presence of ___
biliverdin
yellow-orange specimen caused by the administration of
___ (brand name Pyridium) or azo-gantrisin
compounds to people who have urinary tract infections
phenazopyridine
Specimens containing
____ produce a yellow foam when shaken, which
could be mistaken for bilirubin.
phenazopyridine
This thick, orange pigment not only obscures the natural color of
the specimen but also interferes with chemical tests that are
based on color reactions. It is important to recognize the presence of ___ in a specimen so that laboratories can
use alternative testing procedures.
phenazopyridine
Red blood cells (RBCs) remaining in an acidic urine for several hours produce a ___ color due to the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin
brown urine
A FRESH brown urine containing blood may also indicate
___ resulting from the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin
glomerular bleeding
Besides RBCs, two other substances, __and ____, produce a red urine and result in a positive chemical test result for blood
hemoglobin ; myoglobin
When RBCs are present,
the urine appears
red and cloudy
if hemoglobin or myoglobin is present, the specimen appears
red and clear
Urine specimens containing ____also may appear
RED, resulting from the oxidation of porphobilinogen
porphyrins
They are often referred to as having the color of PORT WINE
porphyrins
Nonpathogenic causes of red urine include
menstrual contamination
ingestion of highly pigmented foods,
medications
