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AUBF > PRELIM-physical examination of urine > Flashcards

PRELIM-physical examination of urine Flashcards

1
Q

observation of these
characteristics provides preliminary information concerning
disorders such as___

A

glomerular bleeding,
liver disease,
inborn errors of metabolism,
and urinary tract infection

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2
Q

Measurement
of ___ aids in the evaluation of renal tubular function.

A

specific gravity

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3
Q

The results of the physical portion of the urinalysis also
can be used to confirm or to explain findings in the ___
and ____ areas of urinalysis

A

chemical; microscopic

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4
Q

normal color of the urine are

A

pale yellow,
yellow, and dark yellow.

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5
Q

The yellow color
of urine is caused by the presence of a pigment, which Thudichum named ___

A

urochrome

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6
Q

__ is a product of
endogenous metabolism, and under normal conditions the body
produces it at a constant rate

A

Urochrome

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7
Q

the presence of uroerythrin can indicate that the specimen have been preserve using

A

refrigerator

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8
Q

refrigerated specimen as well will produce what kind of crystals

A

amorphous urates

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9
Q

an oxidation prod
uct of the normal urinary constituent urobilinogen, imparts an
orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh.

A

urobilin

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10
Q

A urine specimen that contains bilirubin may also contain __, reinforcing the need to follow standard precautions.

A

hepatitis virus

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11
Q

Dark yellow colored urine yellow foam appears when shaken is a positive physical characteristic of

A

bilirubin

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12
Q

also produces a yellow-orange urine; however,
yellow foam does not appear when the specimen is shaken

A

urobilin

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13
Q

Photo-oxidation of bilirubin imparts a yellow-green color to
the urine caused by the presence of ___

A

biliverdin

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14
Q

yellow-orange specimen caused by the administration of
___ (brand name Pyridium) or azo-gantrisin
compounds to people who have urinary tract infections

A

phenazopyridine

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15
Q

Specimens containing
____ produce a yellow foam when shaken, which
could be mistaken for bilirubin.

A

phenazopyridine

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16
Q

This thick, orange pigment not only obscures the natural color of
the specimen but also interferes with chemical tests that are
based on color reactions. It is important to recognize the presence of ___ in a specimen so that laboratories can
use alternative testing procedures.

A

phenazopyridine

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17
Q

Red blood cells (RBCs) remaining in an acidic urine for several hours produce a ___ color due to the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin

A

brown urine

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18
Q

A FRESH brown urine containing blood may also indicate
___ resulting from the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin

A

glomerular bleeding

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19
Q

Besides RBCs, two other substances, __and ____, produce a red urine and result in a positive chemical test result for blood

A

hemoglobin ; myoglobin

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20
Q

When RBCs are present,
the urine appears

A

red and cloudy

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21
Q

if hemoglobin or myoglobin is present, the specimen appears

A

red and clear

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22
Q

Urine specimens containing ____also may appear
RED, resulting from the oxidation of porphobilinogen

A

porphyrins

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23
Q

They are often referred to as having the color of PORT WINE

A

porphyrins

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24
Q

Nonpathogenic causes of red urine include

A

menstrual contamination
ingestion of highly pigmented foods,
medications

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25
Q

other non pathogenic causes of red urine based on acidity and alkalinity of the urine

A

eating fresh beets causes a red color in alkaline urine

Ingestion of blackberries can produce a red color in acidic urine

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26
Q

examples of medication that will result in red colored urine

A

Many medications, including rifampin, phenolphthalein, phenindione, and
phenothiazines, produce red urine

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27
Q

is an oxidation product of the
colorless pigment, melanogen, produced in excess when a
malignant melanoma is present

A

melanin

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28
Q

melanogen are prevalent in diseased called

A

malignant melanoma

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29
Q

brown or black on standing and have negative chemical
test results for blood, inasmuch as they may contain ___
or __

A

melanin; homogentisic acid

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30
Q

__, a metabolite of phenylalanine, imparts a black color to alkaline urine

A

Homogentisic acid

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31
Q

homogentisic acid will cause the rine turned black is prevalent in a disease associated with in-born error of metabolism called

A

alkaptonuria

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32
Q

example of medication causing black urine

A

Medications producing brown/black urines include
levodopa,
methyldopa,
phenol derivatives,
and metronidazole

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33
Q

Pathogenic causes of __ urine are limited to bacterial
infections

A

blue/green

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34
Q

the one responsible for a blue green color of a urine and infecting the URINARY TRACT

A

pseudomonas species

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35
Q

the one responsible for a blue green color of a urine and infecting the INTESTINAL TRACT

A

urinary indican

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36
Q

Ingestion of breath deodorizers (____) can
result in a green urine.

A

Clorets

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37
Q

Ingestion of breath deodorizers (Clorets) can
result in a ___

A

green urine.

38
Q

medications involve in blue urine are

A

methocarbamol
(Robaxin), methylene blue, and amitriptyline (Elavil) may
cause blue urine.

39
Q

A purple staining may occur in catheter bags and is caused by
indican in the urine or a bacterial infection, frequently caused
by ___ species.

A

Klebsiella or Providencia

40
Q

causes of colorless urine

A

Recent fluid
consumption

41
Q

clinical or lab correlation of colorless urine

A

Commonly observed with random specimen

42
Q

causes of pale yellow urine

A

Polyuria or diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
Dilute random specimen

43
Q

clinical or lab correlation of pale yellow

A

Increased 24-hour volume and low specific gravity (DI)

Elevated specific gravity and positive glucose test result (DM)

Recent fluid consumption ( Dilute random specimen)

44
Q

causes of dark yellow

A

Concentrated specimen
B complex vitamins
Dehydration
Bilirubin
Acriflavine
Nitrofurantoin

45
Q

correlation of concentrated specimen

A

May be normal after strenuous exercise or in first morning
specimen

46
Q

correlation of dehydration / dark yellow specimen

A

fever or burns

47
Q

correlation of dark yellow/ bilirubin in clinical or lab set up

A

Yellow foam when shaken and positive chemical test results
for bilirubin

48
Q

correlation of dark yellow. acriflavine

A

Negative bile test results and possible green fluorescence

49
Q

correlation of nitrofurantoin /dark yellow

A

Antibiotic administered for urinary tract infections

50
Q

causes of orange yellow urine

A

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Phenindione

51
Q

correlation of Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) / orange yellow

A

Drug commonly administered for urinary tract infections

52
Q

correlation of phenindione. orange yellow

A

Anticoagulant, orange in alkaline urine, colorless in acid urine

53
Q

color of th eurine if the phenindione is inacidic urine

A

colorless

54
Q

color of teh urine if the phenindione is in alkaline urine

A

orange - yellow

55
Q

causes of yellow green urine

A

Bilirubin oxidized to
biliverdin

56
Q

correlation of bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin / yellow green

A

Colored foam in acidic urine and false-negative chemical test
results for bilirubin

57
Q

cause of green colored urine

A

Pseudomonas infection

58
Q

causes of the blue gren urine

A

Amitriptyline
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
Clorets
Indican
Methylene blue
Phenol

59
Q

anti deprepressant under the blue green

A

amitrityline

60
Q

Muscle relaxant, may be green-brown

A

Methocarbamol (Robaxin)

61
Q

Fistulas

A

methylene blue

62
Q

causeof pink colored urine

A

rbcs

63
Q

correlation of the pink urine

A

Cloudy urine with positive chemical test results for blood and
RBCs visible microscopically

64
Q

causes of red colored urine

A

Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Beets
Rifampin
Menstrual contamination

65
Q

correlation of hemoglobin// red colored urine

A

Clear urine with positive chemical test results for blood;
intravascular hemolysis

66
Q

correlation of myoglobin// red colored urine

A

Clear urine with positive chemical test results for blood;
muscle damage

67
Q

correlation of beets//red colored urine

A

Alkaline urine of genetically susceptible persons

68
Q

Tuberculosis medication

A

rifampin

69
Q

Tuberculosis medication, rifampin is causing what color of the urine?

A

red

70
Q

correlation of the menstrual contamination// red colored urine

A

Cloudy specimen with RBCs, mucus, and clots

71
Q

a red colored urine but is not positive with blood in chem test

A

Porphyrins

72
Q

Nonpathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

Squamous epithelial cells
Mucus
Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates
Semen, spermatozoa
Fecal contamination
Radiographic contrast media
Talcum powder
Vaginal creams

73
Q

Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

RBCs
WBCs
Bacteria
Yeast
Nonsquamous epithelial cells
Abnormal crystals
Lymph fluid
Lipid

74
Q

The clarity of a urine specimen certainly provides a key
to the microscopic examination results, because the amount of
turbidity should correspond with the amount of material
observed under the microscope.

true or false

A

true

75
Q

“_” is a general term that refers to the transparency or
turbidity of a urine specimen

A

Clarity

76
Q

The evaluation of urine
concentration is included in the routine urinalysis by measuring the ___ of the specimen.

A

specific gravity

77
Q

Normal random specimens may range from approximately
____

A

1.002 to 1.035

78
Q

Specimens measuring lower than 1.002 probably are ___

A

not urine

79
Q

Most random specimens fall between SG

A

1.015 and 1.030.___

80
Q

___ is defined as the density of a solution com
pared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water
(SG 1.000) at a similar temperature.

A

Specific gravity

81
Q

determines the concentration of dissolved particles in a specimen by measuring refractive index.

A

Refractometry

82
Q

—- is a comparison of the velocity of light in air with the
velocity of light in a solution. T

A

Refractive index

83
Q

the one responsible for the urine odor of ammoniacal

A

the breakdown of urea

84
Q

Aromatic

A

normal

85
Q

Foul, ammonia-like

A

Bacterial decomposition, urinary
tract infection

86
Q

Fruity, sweet

A

Ketones (diabetes mellitus,
starvation, vomiting)

87
Q

Maple syrup

A

Maple syrup urine disease

88
Q

Mousy

A

Phenylketonuria

89
Q

Rancid

A

Tyrosinemia

90
Q

Sweaty feet

A

Isovaleric acidemia

91
Q

Cabbage

A

Methionine malabsorption

92
Q

Bleach

A

Contamination

AUBF (28 decks)

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