Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AUBF > finals - vaginal secretions > Flashcards

finals - vaginal secretions Flashcards

1
Q

one of the most common conditions diagnosed by healthcare providers for female patients particularly women of childbearing age

A

vaginitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gold standard for vaginal examination

A

gram stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

in swabbing vaginal area, why should we not use cotton and wooden shaft for swab

A

cotton is toxic to neisseria gonorrhoeae
the wood is toxic to chlamydia trachomatis
and calcium alginate can inactivate herpes simplex virus (culture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

an alternative technique to analyze a sample aside from dislodging it to a saline is

A

dilute the vaginal sample with1-2 drops of saline on the other half of the slide then do the same thing on the right side with 10% KOH

remember the mycv activity? parang ganon

then cover them both with cover slip and observe under the microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

if the testing is delayed, what is the temp for trichomonas vaginalis and N. gonorrhoeae

A

Room temp
`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

if the testing is delayed, what is the temp for C. trachomatis and herpes simplex virus

A

refrigerated to prevent the overgrowth of normal flora `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T. Vaginalis must be examined within how many hrs

A

2 hrs -

palatandaan:
diba pwede tong makita sa urine? 2 hrs lang max ng urine so 2 hrs lang din to hehe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

normal appearance of a normal vagigi secretions

A

white flocculent discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normal ph of a normal vagigi secretions

A

3.8 to 4.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal anine (whiff test)of a normal vagigi secretions

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal wbcs of a normal vagigi secretions

A

2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

normal lactobacilli of a normal vagigi secretions

A

predominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

normal clue of a normal vagigi secretions

A

absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

normal other cells of a normal vagigi secretions

A

absent (except rbc during mens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

normal organism of a normal vagigi secretions

A

other lactobacilli subgroups, occasionally yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this parameter is conducted before submerging the sample in KOH or saline

A

pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the pH test helps to differentiate the cause of vaginitis

for vulvovaginal candidiasis, the pH must be

A

3.8-4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

for vulvovaginal candidiasis, the pH must be 3.8 -4.5

what will be the pH for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, and athrophic vaginitis

A

above 4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal vaginal flora has predominant lactobacilli, this bacteria produces an end product of ___ from __ metabolism

A

lactic acid from glycogen metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the role of lactic acid for vaginal health

A

provides an acidic environment and maintains the balance of normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

aside from lactic acid, other subgroups of lactobacilli can produce ____ which is toxic to pathogen and provides protection from infection

A

hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

it’s been associated with the lack of hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli

A

bacterial vaginosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what hormone is necessary to preserve an acidic vaginal environment

A

estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

for vaginal infection microscopic exam, what are the screening test we can conduct

A

KOH and saline wet mount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
for vaginal infection microscopic exam, what are the confirmatory test we can conduct
gram stain
26
how many clean glass slides are prepared for gram stain
3
27
total magnification for wet mount examination
400X
28
total magnification for gramstain examination
1000X
29
intravaginal medication can leave oil and interfere the test, to detect yeast and bacterial vaginosis, ____ is used to test the sample
gram stain
30
squamous epithelial cells measure _____ um in diameter
25-70um
31
what is the appearance of a squamous epithelial cells
polygonal "flagstone" and contain prominent centrally located nucleus about the size of a red blood cell and a large amount of irregular cytoplasm, lacking granularity, with distinct cell margins
32
these large, flat cells originate from the linings of the vagina and the female urethra and are present in significant numbers in the vaginal secretion of a healthy female
squamous epithelial cells
33
clumps of epithelial cells are an indication of the presence of __
yeast
34
are an abnormal variations of the squamous epithelial cell and are distinguised by cocobacillus bacteria attached in clusters on the cell surface, spreading past the edges of the cell making the border indistinct or stippled
clue cells
35
cell appearance is granular, irregular sometimes describes as shaggy
clue cells
36
clue cells are diagnostic of bacterial vaginosis caused by
Gardnerella vaginalis
37
wbc's size in diameter
14-16 um
38
greater than 3+ in wbc is significant to
vaginal candidiasis, atrophic vaginitis, Trichomona, chlamydia, gonorrhoeae, h.simplex
39
how do we distinguished rbc and yeast in vaginal secretion
through KOH, it can lyse RBC and keep yeast
40
parabasal cell shape
round to oval
41
N:C ratio of parabasal cells
1:1 to 1:2 with marked basophilic granulation or amorphic basophilic structures "blue blobs" in the surrounding cytoplasm
42
how to distinguised basal cells to wbc
they are round rather than lobed nucleus N:C ratio 1:2
43
basal cells is not normal in vaginal secretions, if present + wbc and altered vaginal flora, these suggests ____
desquamative inflammatory vaginitis
44
which genus normally comprise the largest portion of vaginal flora
lactobacillus spp
45
is an arterial flagellated protozoan that can cause vaginal inflammation and infection in womer
trichomonas vaginalis
46
movement of T vaginalis
jerky motion
47
non motile trichomonas is mistaken as
wbc
48
a sample tested for whiff/amine test must be checked for ___ after addition of 10% KOH
fishy odor - means positive the odor results from the volatilization of amines when the KOH is added
49
volatile amines are not present in normal vaginal secretions, which means a positive amine tests suggest ___
bacterial vaginosis
50
gold standard for detcecting yeast and trichomonas
culture
51
special media for T vaginalis is required, this is called ___
diamond's medium
52
appearance of a secretion caused by bacterial vaginosis
thin, homogenous, white-to-gray vaginal discharge
53
appearance of a secretion caused by candidiasis
white, curd like vaginal discharge cheese like
54
appearance of a secretion caused by trichomoniasis
yellow- green frothy adherent vaginal discharge increased in volume
55
appearance of a secretion caused by desquamative inflammatory vaginitis
excessive purulent vaginal discharge, vaginal erythema
56
appearance of a secretion caused by atrophic vaginitis
excessive purulent vaginal discharge, vaginal erythema
57
are there wbc in bacterial vaginosis
rare or absent
58
are there wbc in candidiasis
3+ to 4+
59
are there wbc in trichomoniasis
2+ to 4+
60
are there wbc in desquamative inflammatory vaginitis
3+ to 4+
61
are there wbc in atrophic vaginitis
3+ to 4+
62
is the common cause of vaginitis
bacterial vaginosis
63
bacterial vaginosis affects ___ to ___ percent of childbearing age women
40% to 50%
64
it occurs when there is an imbalance in the ratio of normal vaginal flora
bacterial vaginosis
65
associated with new or multiple sex partners, frequent douching, use of intrauterine devices, pregnancy, and a lack of protective lactobacilli
bacterial vaginosis
66
a risk factor for the premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor for pregnant women.
bacterial vaginosis
67
can cause pelvic inflammatory and endometritis as well as an increased risk for acquiring STD
bacterial vaginosis
68
recommended treatment for bacterial vaginosis is/are
metronidazole gel clindamycin cream
69
patients may present with a strawberry cervix because of puncture hemorrhages
trichomoniasis
70
recommended tx for Trichomoniasis
metronidazole tinidazole for allergic with metronidazole
71
common cause of vaginitis and nearly 75% of adult women experience it atleast once in their lifetime
candidiasis
72
it is part of a normal flora but occurs when the there's a change in environment and causes candida to overgrow
candidiasis
73
predominant in women of childbearing age who are producing large amount of estrogen estrogen causes vagina to mature, matured vagina produces glycogen, which is a source for nutrient
candidiasis
74
b hemolytic gram positive streptococci are the common found in culture
desquamative inflammatory vaginitis
75
a syndrome characterized by profuse purulent virulent vaginal discharge , erythema, and dyspareunia
desquamative inflammatory vaginitis
76
can occur secondary to atrophic vaginitis in post menopausal women as a result of decreased estrogen
desquamative inflammatory vaginitis
77
wet mount and gram stain revels large number of rbc, wbc, parabasal, and basal cells, squamous epithelial cells, reduced or absent lactobacilli, replaced by gram positive cocci
desquamative inflammatory vaginitis
78
desquamative inflammatory vaginitis is treated with
2% clindamycin hormone replacement therapy is effective for patients with desquamative inflammatory vaginitis `secondary to atrophic vaginitis`
79
is a syndrome found in post menopausal women
atrophic vaginitis
80
this syndrome is caused by thinning of the vaginal mucosa due to reduced estrogen and glycogen production
atrophic vaginitis
81
clinical symptoms include vaginal dryness, soreness, dyspareunia, inflamed vaginal mucosa, purulent discharge
atrophic vaginitis
82
microscopic is same with DIV but gram negative rods are also observed
atrophic vaginitis
83
tx for atrophic vaginitis
estrogen replacement vaginal ointments are initially used for recurrent infection, oral or transcutaneous (patch) modes
84
a premature rupture of fetal membrane and a high risk for preterm labor, _______ are test to detect amniotic fluid protein to evaluate these conditions
fetal fibronectin test and amnisure test
85
a vaginal pH greater than 7 and a positive fern test are a strong indication of
amniotic sac rupture
86
is an adhesive glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix at the maternal and fetal interface within the uterus
fetal fibronectin (fFN)
87
seen between 24 to 34 weeks of gestation and indication of pretem labor
fibronectin enzyme
88
the methods to detect fFN are
solid phase ELISA lateral flow etc
89
this test if focused on detection of rupture of fetal membranes.
amnisure
90

AUBF (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions