MIDTERM-microscopic exam - urinary sediments - cast and crystals Flashcards
are the only elements found in the urinary sediment that
are unique to the kidney
casts
cast are formed within the ___ and ___, providing
a microscopic view of conditions within the nephron
lumens of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
Examination of the sediment for the detection of casts is
performed using what power of magnification?
low power
for the analysis of mucus, When the glass
cover-slip method is used, low-power scanning should be performed along the ___ of the cover slip.
edges
The major constituent of casts is ___.
uromodulin
the presence of
urinary casts is termed ___.
cylindruria
The most frequently seen cast is the ___
hyaline type
Whereas the finding of RBCs in the urine indicates bleeding
from an area within the genitourinary tract, the presence of
RBC casts is much more specific, showing bleeding within the
____.
nephron
any damage
to the nephron capillary structure can cause their formation
RBC casts
RBC casts associated with glomerular damage are usually
associated with _- and ___
proteinuria and dysmorphic erythrocytes.
RBC casts are easily detected under low power by their
___ color.
orange-red
They are more fragile than other casts and
may exist as fragments or have a more irregular shape as the
result of tightly packed cells adhering to the protein matrix
rbc casts
They are most frequently
associated with pyelonephritis and are a primary marker for
distinguishing pyelonephritis (upper UTI) from cystitis (lower
UTI).
WBC CASTS
The appearance of WBC casts in the urine signifies __ or ___ within the nephron
infection
or inflammation
wbc casts , they are also present in nonbacterial inflam
mations such as ___ and may accompany
RBC casts in glomerulonephritis.
acute interstitial nephritis
Most frequently,
WBC casts are composed of ___; therefore, they may
appear granular, and, unless disintegration has occurred, mul
tilobed nuclei will be present
neutrophils
Supravital staining
may be necessary to demonstrate the characteristic nuclei
It is particularly helpful for differentiating WBC
casts from ___.
RTE casts
packed casts packed with bacteria can resemble granular casts, CONFIRMATION OF bacterial cats is best made by performing ___ on the dried or cytocentrifuged sediment
gram staining
seen in conjunction with oval fat bodies and
free fat droplets in disorders causing lipiduria.
FATTY CASTS
They are most frequently associated with the nephrotic syndrome, but are
also seen in toxic tubular necrosis, diabetes mellitus, and
crush injuries.
fatty casts
The origin of the granules in nonpathologic conditions
appears to be from the ___ excreted by RTE cells during normal metabolism
lysosomes
Increased cellular
metabolism occurring during periods of strenuous exercise accounts for the transient increase of granular casts that accompany the increased hyaline casts
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
