PRELIM-CHEMICAL EXAMINATION PART 2

Question 1

Intermediate products of fat metabolism

Answer 1

KETONES

Question 2

KETONE

____ urine is always associated with false negative;
possibility of this result may be due to ascorbic acid, drugs, and or
vitamins. This may cause other color to the urine.

Answer 2

Highly Pigmented

Question 2

3 components of ketones

Answer 2

ACETONE 2%
ACETOACETIC ACID/ DIACETIC ACID 20%
Beta-hydroxybutyric Acid (78%)

Question 2

Non-reversible spontaneous decarboxylation product of
diacetic acid

Answer 2

Acetone (2%)

Question 2

Reversible to diacetic acid

Answer 2

Beta-hydroxybutyric Acid (78%)

Question 2

ALSO KNOWN AS Diacetic Acid

Answer 2

Acetoacetic Acid (20%

Question 3

most abundant componnet of ketone in the urine

Answer 3

Acetoacetic Acid (20%)

Question 3

the clinical significance of ketone, what is the disease associated to it if there’s an elevated level of ketones in the urine?

Answer 3

• inability to metabolize fat
• Inability to metabolize carbohydrate
• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (IDDM)
• Insulin dosage monitoring – Ketonuria
• Malabsorption/pancreatic disorders
• Vomiting

Question 4

common test for patient being diagnosed of high level of ketone and associated with DM

Answer 4

cbg or capillary blood glucose

Question 5

a term used for the “presence of ketones in the urine”

Answer 5

ketonuria

Question 6

a condition wherein it’s associated with pancreatic disorder, pancreas will produce little insulin thus the liver will be forced to break down fats and produce ketones as a byproduct

Answer 6

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 7

what is the conventional method in ketone detection

Answer 7

sodium nitroprusside

Question 8

in 3 components in the urine associated with the ketone, which one is not measured by the reagent strip?

Answer 8

the beta hydroxybutyric acid

Question 8

what is the positive reaction in the reagent strip of ketone

Answer 8

purple color

Question 9

In ketone detection, Reagent strip tests use the ____ reaction to measure ketones. In this reaction, acetoacetic acid in an alkaline medium reacts with ____ to produce a purple color.

Answer 9

sodium nitroprusside (nitroferricyanide)

Question 9

____ for hemoglobin provide the most accurate
means for determining the presence of blood. Once blood has
been detected, the microscopic examination can be used to
differentiate between hematuria and hemoglobinuria.

Answer 9

chemical tests

Question 10

__ test will differentiate between hematuria and hemoglobnuria

Answer 10

microscopic test

Question 10

BLOOD:

Disorders of renal or genitourinary origin

Answer 10

hematuria

Question 10

It’s the most common parameter

Answer 10

blood

Question 11

____ is most closely related to disorders of renal or genitourinary origin in which bleeding is the result of trauma or
damage to the organs of these systems.

Answer 11

Hematuria

Question 11

Bleeding is the result of result or damage to the organ
o Renal calculi
o Glomerular diseases
o Tumors
o Trauma
o Pyelonephritis
o Exposure to toxic chemicals
▪ Blood sometimes carries toxic product
o Anticoagulant therapy

Answer 11

hematuria

Question 11

blood:

lysis of the red blood cells produced in the urinary tract
some are produced due to intravascular hemolysis

Answer 11

hemoglobinuria

Question 11

Reabsorption of filtered hemoglobin also results in the appearance of large yellow-brown granules of denatured ferritin called
____in the renal tubular epithelial cells and in the urine sediment.

Answer 11

HEMOSIDERIN