Prehension, Mastication, Ensalivation Flashcards
What is the main structure used by rodents to stabilize/move food into the mouth?
Forelimbs
Which muscle contributes to the crushing force of jaws in carnivores?
Temporalis
An increase in parasympathetic stimulation will have what effect on salivation
Increases salivation
Which major salivary gland lies in the retromandibular fossa and comes up to the base of the dorsal external ear
Parotid gland
Prehension means
To grasp
What 4 body parts do animals use for prehension
-hands/paws
-lips
-teeth
-tongue
Mastication means
To chew
Mastication in carnivores is
Minimal
In ruminants, mastication
Increases surface area for absorption
Salivary glands are classified by
Their structure and type of secretion
Small salivary glands are located
In the mucosa/submucosa of labial (lips), lingual (tongue), and palatal (palate)
Four large salivary glands
-parotid
-mandibular
-sublingual
-zygomatic (carnivores only)
6 functions of saliva
-moistening
-lubricating
-dissolving
-antimicrobial properties
-buffering agents
-thermoregulation
In some species, ___ plays a role in the initial breakdown of carbohydrates
Amylase
Serous glands (4)
-water secretion
-may contain enzymes
-dark staining
-parotid gland
Mucous glands (5)
-produce mucin for lubrication
-columnar epithelium
-pale, frothy staining
-basal nuclei
-Mandibular and sublingual glands
Mixed glands (3)
-both serous and mucous secretion
-may form demilunes (serous cell surrounding alveolar)
-mandibular, sublingual, and zygomatic glands
Intralobar ducts are located
Within the lobes
What cell is responsible for contracting/squeezing secretion out
Myoepithelial cell
Interlobar ducts are located
Between lobes, within connective tissue
Parotid gland (3)
-located in retromandibular fossa (ventral to base of ear)
-partly covered by superficial muscle (paratidoauricularis m.)
-serous secretion
Parotid duct (3)
-crosses lateral masseter muscle, between dorsal and ventral buccal nerves
-can be damaged
-opens at parotid papilla
Mandibular gland (4)
-located at caudal and medial angle of jaw
-partly covered by parotid
-mixed secretion
-opens near frenulum
The sublingual caruncle is where
The mandibular duct opens into the oral cavity
Sublingual gland (4)
-located on the floor of mouth
-mixed secretion (mostly mucous)
-monostomatic part (single duct opening close to or with the mandibular duct)
-polystomatic (diffuse) part (chain of lobules with many openings)
Which gland is only found in carnivores
Zygomatic
Two parts of the sublingual gland
- Monostomatic (single duct opening close to or with the mandibular duct)
- Polystomatic (Diffuse Sublingual) - chain of lobules with many openings
Zygomatic gland (4)
-carnivores only
-lies between zygomatic arch and eyeball
-drains to papillae near parotid papillae, lateral to upper M1
-mixed secretion , mainly mucous
Ranula(e) occurs when
Saliva is retained and causes swelling to adjacent tissue
Hypersalivation, especially in stressed cats, is called
Ptyalism
Minor glands help to
Lubricate immediate surrounding area
6 minor glands
-Von Ebner
-Molar (cats only)
-labial (lips)
-lingual (tongue)
-palatine
-soft palate
The molar gland is
A large labial gland found in cats
Innervation of ensalivation is via (2)
- Sympathetic Fibres (vasoconstriction will decrease salivation; hypersalivation in aggressive dogs)
- Parasympathetic Fibres (vasodilation and secretion to aid in digestive process)
Parasympathetic Innervation of ensalivation comes from (2)
-facial nerve (CN VII)
-glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
