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VETS1003: Digestion > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

4 main functions of the digestive tract

A

-digestion
-absorption
-motility
-elimination of waste

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2
Q

The process from digesting to elimination of waste takes about

A

12-38 hours

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3
Q

Digestion is

A

The break down / conversion of food to a form the body can absorb

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4
Q

Absorption is the process where

A

Nutrient pass across mucosal cells in the GIT epithelium and into the body

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5
Q

Enzymes help to

A

Catalyze / speed up chemical reactions involved in the breakdown of feed substances

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6
Q

Four areas where enzymes are secreted to aid in digestion

A

-mouth
-stomach
-pancreas
-small intestine

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7
Q

The oral cavity includes (3)

A

-teeth
-tongue
-pharynx

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8
Q

In birds, the oesophagus is

A

Enlarged to a Crop

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9
Q

The small intestine is made of three parts:

A

-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

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10
Q

Fermentation in fore-gut fermenters takes place before

A

Reaching the glandular stomach and small intestine

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11
Q

In hinds-gut fermenters, fermentation takes place in

A

The large intestine and caecum (ie. AFTER food has passed through the stomach and small intestine)

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12
Q

The cardiovascular system aids in digestion by

A

Supplying digestive organs with O2 and energy rich blood

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13
Q

The endocrine system aids in digestion by

A

Regulating digestive gland and accessory organ secretion via hormones

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14
Q

The integument system aids in digestion by

A

Protecting digestive organs

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15
Q

The lymphatic system aids in digestion by (3)

A

-defending against entry of pathogens
-lipid absorption via lacteals
-transportation of lipids to circulation via lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

The muscular system aids in digestion by (2)

A

-providing support and protection to abdominal organs
-aid in defecation

17
Q

The intrinsic (enteric) nervous system is located

A

Inside the GIT

18
Q

The nervous system aids in digestion by

A

Regulating secretions and muscle contraction

19
Q

The extrinsic (autonomic) nervous system is located

A

Outside the GIT

20
Q

The respiratory system aids in digestion by (2)

A

-providing O2
-removing CO2

21
Q

The skeletal system aids in digestion by

A

Protecting and supporting digestive organs

22
Q

Homeostasis is the

A

Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

23
Q

The urinary system aids in digestion by

A

Calcium absorption in the small intestine via vitamin D activation

24
Q

Homeostasis requires (3)

A

-consistent monitoring (usually via negative feedback)
-capacity to make changes and adjustments (via integrated endocrine and neural responses)
-defence against the external environment (ie. microbes, temperature, and water)

25
Q

The ingestion of feed will initially trigger these three responses

A

-endocrine
-neural (neurotransmitter and neurohormone)
-Paracrine response (hormones acting locally)

26
Q

The GIT also plays a role in (2)

A

-fluid and electrolyte balance
-immunity

27
Q

Enterocytes rely on food to maintain

A

Tight junctions between cells

28
Q

Without food, enterocytes cannot maintain tight junctions between cells causing

A

Increase in permeability —> bacterial translocation —> sepsis

29
Q

When bacteria enters the blood stream it is called

A

Sepsis

30
Q

Colic is (2)

A

-NOT a diagnosis
-a collection of clinical signs and symptoms indicating abdominal pain

31
Q

Mechanical processes of digestion include (8)

A

-prehension
-mastication
-deglutition
-rumination
-storage
-motility of the wall (ie. peristalsis)
-defecation
-vomiting

32
Q

The stomach releases (2)

A

-pepsinogen (enzyme precursor)
-acid (non-enzymatic secretion that activates pepsinogen)

33
Q

Acid activates ___ to form ___ which helps to ___

A

Pepsinogen; Pepsin; break down peptide bonds for digestion of protein

34
Q

Secretory processes can be ___ glands or ___ glands

A

External; Internal

35
Q

External glands (ie. outside the GIT) include (3)

A

-salivary glands
-liver
-pancreas

36
Q

Internal glands (ie. within the GIT) include (2)

A

-stomach
-small intestine

37
Q

A community of organisms living together in a specific habitat is called the

A

Microbiome

38
Q

The microbiota is ___ and includes (5)

A

All living members forming the Microbiome
-bacteria
-Protozoa
-archaea
-fungi
-algae

VETS1003: Digestion (19 decks)

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