Pancreas

Question 1

Endocrine portion of the pancreas (2)

Answer 1

-helps maintain blood sugar levels
-insulin, glucagon, and gastric

Question 2

Islets of langerhans are part of the ___ and scattered throughout between ___

Answer 2

Endocrine pancreas; pancreatic acini

Question 3

The exocrine pancreas (4)

Answer 3

-major function of the pancreas
-enzymes, electrolytes, water
-digestive “juice” that breaks down macromolecules
-from the pancreatic acini

Question 4

The pancreas is (4)

Answer 4

-in close proximity to duodenum and stomach
-diffuse
-lobulated
-pink

Question 5

In the dog, the pancreas (3)

Answer 5

-is near the duodenum
-right lobe is in mesoduodenum of descending duodenum
-left lobe is near the stomach and spleen in the greater omentum

Question 6

Primordium is the

Answer 6

Earliest embryological identifiable tissue/organ

Question 7

Two buds called ___ come from the proximal embryonic ___

Answer 7

Primordia; dudodenum

Question 8

The ventral pancreatic primordium develops into the

Answer 8

Greater pancreatic duct

Question 9

The dorsal pancreatic primordium develops into the

Answer 9

Lesser (accessory) duct

Question 10

The ___ duct has major duodenal papilla

Answer 10

Pancreatic

Question 11

The ___ duct has minor duodenal papilla

Answer 11

Accessory

Question 12

Which species lack major papilla in the pancreatic duct

Answer 12

-ox
-pig

Question 13

Which species lack minor papilla off the accessory duct of pancreas

Answer 13

Sheep

Question 14

Chickens have 3 ___ and 2 ___ ducts

Answer 14

Pancreatic; bile

Question 15

The bile duct may joint with the ___ duct to enter the ___ OR it may enter ___

Answer 15

Pancreatic; duodenum; separately

Question 16

The bile and pancreatic ducts pass through the

Answer 16

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 17

The pancreas invaginates to form ___ that create ___

Answer 17

Septae; distinct lobules

Question 18

The pancreas is made of a

Answer 18

Thin connective tissue capsule

Question 19

Exocrine pancreas is composed of ___ and contains (4)

Answer 19

-loose connective tissue
-compound acinus glands
-lobules
-blood vessels
-nerves

Question 20

Pancreatic Acini (3)

Answer 20

-grape-like clusters
-cells that synthesize and secrete digestive enzymes
-single row of epithelial cells that converge on central lumen

Question 21

Pancreatic Acini release ____ containing ____

Answer 21

Zymogen granules; enzyme precursor

Question 22

The pancreas needs an enzyme precursor or else it will

Answer 22

Digest itself ie. Pancreatitis

Question 23

Digestive enzymes are transported to the ___ region and are formed into ___ granules

Answer 23

Golgi; zymogen

Question 24

Three types of pancreatic ducts

Answer 24

-intercalated ducts
-small intralobular ducts
-large interlobular ducts

Question 25

Interclated ducts of pancreas are ___ and drain into ___

Answer 25

Cuboidal; Intralobular

Question 26

Goblet cells produce ___ and are found in ___ ducts of the pancreas

Answer 26

Mucous; Intralobular

Question 27

“Intra-“

Answer 27

Within

Question 28

“Inter-“

Answer 28

Between

Question 29

Intralobular ducts of pancreas (2)

Answer 29

-low columnar epithelium
-contain goblet cells and small mucous glands

Question 30

Interlobular/Intralobar ducts are made of

Answer 30

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 31

Islet cells secrete

Answer 31

Hormones into blood

Question 32

Islets of Langerhans (2)

Answer 32

-scattered in the exocrine pancreas
-small masses of endocrine cells

Question 33

Three types of islet cells and what they each secrete

Answer 33

-alpha = glucagon
-beta = insulin
-delta = somatostatin

Question 34

Which islet cells are the least frequent? What do they produce?

Answer 34

Delta; somatostatin

Question 35

Which islet cells are the most frequent? What do they produce?

Answer 35

Beta; insulin

Question 36

Pancreatitis (2)

Answer 36

-inflammation of the pancreas
-enzymes are prematurely activated, usually due to a fatty meal

Question 37

Pancreas arteries

Answer 37

-coeliac artery
-cranial mesenteric artery

Question 38

The ___ arteries supply the pancreas and duodenum

Answer 38

Cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 39

The coeliac artery branches into the

Answer 39

Cranial pancreaticodudeonal artery

Question 40

Vein of the pancreas

Answer 40

Hepatic portal vein

Question 41

Nerves of the pancreas (2)

Answer 41

-parasympathetic (vagal)
-sympathetic

Question 42

The cranial mesenteric artery branches into the

Answer 42

Caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 43

Pancreatic insufficiency (6)

Answer 43

-malnutrition is secondary to malabsorption
-losing weight despite having a good appetite
-lack of exocrine secretion (cannot absorb nutrients)
-pancreatic Acinar Atrophy in dogs
-chronic pancreatitis in cats
-managed with diet