Pancreas Flashcards
Endocrine portion of the pancreas (2)
-helps maintain blood sugar levels
-insulin, glucagon, and gastric
Islets of langerhans are part of the ___ and scattered throughout between ___
Endocrine pancreas; pancreatic acini
The exocrine pancreas (4)
-major function of the pancreas
-enzymes, electrolytes, water
-digestive “juice” that breaks down macromolecules
-from the pancreatic acini
The pancreas is (4)
-in close proximity to duodenum and stomach
-diffuse
-lobulated
-pink
In the dog, the pancreas (3)
-is near the duodenum
-right lobe is in mesoduodenum of descending duodenum
-left lobe is near the stomach and spleen in the greater omentum
Primordium is the
Earliest embryological identifiable tissue/organ
Two buds called ___ come from the proximal embryonic ___
Primordia; dudodenum
The ventral pancreatic primordium develops into the
Greater pancreatic duct
The dorsal pancreatic primordium develops into the
Lesser (accessory) duct
The ___ duct has major duodenal papilla
Pancreatic
The ___ duct has minor duodenal papilla
Accessory
Which species lack major papilla in the pancreatic duct
-ox
-pig
Which species lack minor papilla off the accessory duct of pancreas
Sheep
Chickens have 3 ___ and 2 ___ ducts
Pancreatic; bile
The bile duct may joint with the ___ duct to enter the ___ OR it may enter ___
Pancreatic; duodenum; separately
The bile and pancreatic ducts pass through the
Sphincter of Oddi
The pancreas invaginates to form ___ that create ___
Septae; distinct lobules
The pancreas is made of a
Thin connective tissue capsule
Exocrine pancreas is composed of ___ and contains (4)
-loose connective tissue
-compound acinus glands
-lobules
-blood vessels
-nerves
Pancreatic Acini (3)
-grape-like clusters
-cells that synthesize and secrete digestive enzymes
-single row of epithelial cells that converge on central lumen
Pancreatic Acini release ____ containing ____
Zymogen granules; enzyme precursor
The pancreas needs an enzyme precursor or else it will
Digest itself ie. Pancreatitis
Digestive enzymes are transported to the ___ region and are formed into ___ granules
Golgi; zymogen
Three types of pancreatic ducts
-intercalated ducts
-small intralobular ducts
-large interlobular ducts
Interclated ducts of pancreas are ___ and drain into ___
Cuboidal; Intralobular
Goblet cells produce ___ and are found in ___ ducts of the pancreas
Mucous; Intralobular
“Intra-“
Within
“Inter-“
Between
Intralobular ducts of pancreas (2)
-low columnar epithelium
-contain goblet cells and small mucous glands
Interlobular/Intralobar ducts are made of
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Islet cells secrete
Hormones into blood
Islets of Langerhans (2)
-scattered in the exocrine pancreas
-small masses of endocrine cells
Three types of islet cells and what they each secrete
-alpha = glucagon
-beta = insulin
-delta = somatostatin
Which islet cells are the least frequent? What do they produce?
Delta; somatostatin
Which islet cells are the most frequent? What do they produce?
Beta; insulin
Pancreatitis (2)
-inflammation of the pancreas
-enzymes are prematurely activated, usually due to a fatty meal
Pancreas arteries
-coeliac artery
-cranial mesenteric artery
The ___ arteries supply the pancreas and duodenum
Cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal arteries
The coeliac artery branches into the
Cranial pancreaticodudeonal artery
Vein of the pancreas
Hepatic portal vein
Nerves of the pancreas (2)
-parasympathetic (vagal)
-sympathetic
The cranial mesenteric artery branches into the
Caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery
Pancreatic insufficiency (6)
-malnutrition is secondary to malabsorption
-losing weight despite having a good appetite
-lack of exocrine secretion (cannot absorb nutrients)
-pancreatic Acinar Atrophy in dogs
-chronic pancreatitis in cats
-managed with diet
