Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

repro and sexual health > Pregnancy Tutorial > Flashcards

Pregnancy Tutorial Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of an early pregnancy scan?

A

Viable pregnancy
Multiple pregnancies
Intrauterine
Gestational age; CRL (if over 12 weeks; use head circumference)
Placental position
Any obvious anomalies (anencephaly, gastroschisis, limb defects, major heart anomalies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the gestation of 6.64cm CRL?

A

12 + 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the robustness of a screening test assessed?

A

Specificity (true positive / (true + false neg)

Sensitivity (true neg / (true + false pos)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the constituent components involved in 1st trim screening for down syndrome?

A

bhCG + PAPP-A
NT
Maternal age (>40)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is nuchal translucency?

A

Measure of thickness behind frontal neck - fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

From what gestation is NT valid?

A

11- 13 + 6 weeks

1st trim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is considered a normal NT?

A

<3.5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reasons for increased NT?

A

Chromosomal abnormalities; T 18, 21
Cardiac abnormalities
Turner’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is MSAFP?

A

Maternal serum AFP -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In what conditions is an increased MSAFP seen?

A 
Multiple pregnancies
Placental abruption 
Anencephaly 
Spina bifida 
Gastroschisis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is pre-eclampsia?

A

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (>20 wks) in association with proteinuria (>0.3 g in 24 hours) with or without oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia?

A

Suboptimal uteroplacental perfusion associated with a maternal inflammatory response and maternal vascular endothelial dysfunction. This in turn leads to vascular hyperpermeability, thrombophilia and hypertension, which may compensate for the reduced flow in the uterine arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the parameters for hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Systolic BP >140 mm Hg or diastolic BP >90 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is HELLP syndrome?

A

Haemolysis
Elevated liver enzymes
Low Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mode of action of labetalol?

A

Alpha and beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mode of action of betamethasone in neonate?

A

Increase lung maturity (surfactant production)
Decreased NEC
Decreased intraventricular haemorrhage

17
Q

Mode of action of hydralazine?

A

Peripheral vasodilatory via direction relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

18
Q

Mode of action of magnesium sulfate?

A

Peripheral and cerebral vasodilator
Anticonvulsant
Membrane stabiliser

19
Q

What is meant by rhesus neg?

A

No D antigens on the RBC of mother

20
Q

What is the mode of action of anti-D?

A

Neutralises foetal antigens in maternal blood to prevent mother isoimmunization resulting in the production anti-D antibodies which can have catastrophic effects on future pregnancies and on neonate

21
Q

What is seen in the blood of a sensitized mother?

A

Positive antibodies to D antigen

22
Q

In an affected rhesus positive baby, what would happen to the following cord blood parameters:
Hb
Bilirubin
Coombs test

A

Hb; decreased
Bilirubin; increased
Coombs test; positive (detects Abs that act against the surface of RBC)

23
Q

When should anti-D be given to prevent rhesus isoimmunisation following a sensitizing event?

A

Ideally within 72 hours

But up to 10 days

24
Q

What route is anti-D given?

A

IM

25
Q

How does the dose of anti-D differ based on gestational age?

A

<20 wks; 250 IU

>20 wks; 500 IU

26
Q

List some sensitizing events that warrant anti-D?

A 
Post-partum; within 24 hours of a birth of Rh +ve baby
Miscarriage >12 weeks
ToP at any gestation 
Amniocentesis 
Trauma to abdomen
27
Q

When is routine prophylaxis given to Rh -ve women?

A

28 weeks; dose of 500 IU IM

28
Q 
Would you administer anti-D in this case:
Rh -ve mother 
ABO compatible 
Rh +ve baby 
Coombs test -ve 
Infant bilirubin level normal
A

Yes; give postpartum to prevent isoimmunisation

29
Q 
Would you administer anti-D in this case:
Rh -ve mother 
ABO incompatible 
Rh -ve baby 
Coombs test -ve
Infant bilirubin level normal
A

No

30
Q 
Would you administer anti-D in this case:
Rh -ve mother 
ABO compatible 
Rh + baby 
Coombs test +ve 
Infant bilirubin level increased
A

Yes and no
Mother already sensitized so anti-d antibodies already formed
Need to monitor future pregnancies very carefully to assess foetus for anaemia and hydrops

31
Q 
Would you administer anti-D in this case:
Rh +ve mother 
ABO incompatible 
Rh -ve baby 
Coombs test +ve 
Infant bilirubin level increased
A

No; infant increased bilirubin due to ABO incompatibility not rhesus
Monitor baby; keep hydrated
Can offer phototherapy for jaundice

32
Q

What are routine components of antenatal care routine?

A 
Weeks pregnant
Height of uterus/ fundal height 
BP 
Urinalysis 
Oedema
Fifths palpase
Foetal lie and presentation 
FHR 
Foetal movements 
FBC
33
Q

What changes occur normally in the maternal CV system?

A

Increased CO
Increased HR
Decreased BP in 2nd trim

repro and sexual health (77 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions