Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro and Sexual Health > Female and male reproductive system > Flashcards

Female and male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained within the pelvic cavity?

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is contained within the perineum?

A 
Inferior part of vagina
Perineal muscles
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
Labia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the primary reproductive organs in women?

A

Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the inferior part of the parietal peritoneum?

A

Floor of peritoneal cavity

Roof over pelvic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What pouches form in the female peritoneum?

A

Vesico-uterine

Recto-uterine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can fluid from the pouch of douglas be drained?

A

Needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where will abnormal fluid collect within the peritoneal cavity in women?

A

Pouch of douglas; most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in the anatomical position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are the pelvic organs intra or sub peritoneal?

A

Sub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What part of the pelvic organs are intraperitoneal?

A

Uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the broad ligament and where can it be found?

A

Double layer of peritoneum

Extends between the uterus and lateral walls + floor of pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the broad ligaments and what is contained within it?

A

Uterine tubes

Proximal part of round ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

Embryological remnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the round ligament attach?

A

Lateral aspect of uterus

Passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where will the oocyte be fertilised?

A

Ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where should the zygote implant?

A

Body of uterus; anywhere else is an ectopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What holds the uterus in place?

A

Uterosacral ligaments
Endopelvic fascia
Levator ani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can result from weakness of the structures that hold the uterus in place?

A

Uterine prolapse; inferior movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted

Anteflexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does anteverted in terms of the uterus mean?

A

Cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does antiflexed mean in terms of the uterus?

A

Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix (mass of uterus lies over the bladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a very normal and common variation of the standard positioning of the uterus?

A

Retroverted and retroflexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is the vagina usually patent?

A

No; walls tend to be collapsed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What must be sampled in cervical screening?

A

Squamocolumnar junction (transformation zone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the “salpinx”?

A

Tube; refers to fallopian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where do the fimbriated ends of the uterine tubes open into?

A

The peritoneal cavity to act as a means of communication between the genital tract and the peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What determines patency of fallopian tubes in a HSG (hysterosalpingogram)?

A

Radiopaque dye spilling out of the end of the uterine tube and into the peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What size are the ovaries?

A

Almond shaped and sized in the lateral pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where do the ovaries develop?

A

Posterior abdominal wall and they will move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis (round ligament(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the 4 fornix of the vagina?

A

Anterior
Posterior
2 x lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What can be felt on a digital vaginal examination ?

A

Ischial spines - at 4 and 8 o’clock positions
Position of uterus
Palpation of adnexae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the adnexae?

A

Uterine tubes and ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and inferior skin of external genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What do the openings of the pelvic floor allow for?

A

Passage of distal parts of alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts from pelvis to perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the perineum?

A

Urogenital

Anal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the boundaries of the perineum?

A

Pubic symphysis at top
Coccyx at bottom
Ischial spines laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the function of the levator ani muscle?

A

Tonic contraction
Reflexively contracts further during situations of increased intra-abdominal pressure
Weakness can be a factor in the development of prolapse of the pelvic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What supplies the levator ani muscle?

A

Nerve to levator ani; S3,4,5

?? pudendal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the perineal muscles supplied by?

A

Pudendal nerve

Superficial and deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the function of the perineal body?

A

Important to pelvic floor strength

Episiotomy act to preserve perineal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the function of bartholin’s gland?

A

Mucus secretion for lubrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What type of tissue lies under the perineal muscles?

A

Erectile tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Where does the bed of the breast extend to and from?

A

Ribs 2-6

Lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Does the breast extend into the axilla?

A

Yes; axillary tail of spence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What does the breast lie on?

A

Deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the retromammary space?

A

Lies between fascia and breast - allows the breast to move independently of the pec muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What attaches the breast tissue to the skin?

A

Suspensory ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What makes up the breast tissue?

A

Fat

Non lactating lobues; in pregnant/ breast feeding women these become lactating lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What connects the lactating lobues to the areola?

A

Lactiferous duct

51
Q

How is the female breast sectioned?

A

Upper and lower outer
Upper and lower inner
OR
Clock face

52
Q

How can you assess if a breast lump is “fixed” to underlying pectoral fascia?

A

Ask patient to place her hands firmly on her hips (and in doing so, there is contraction of pectoral muscles)

53
Q

Where will 75% of lymph from the breast drain to?

A

Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes -> supraclavicular nodes

54
Q

Where can lymph from inner breast quadrants drain to?

A

Parasternal lymph nodes which can either drain to supraclavicular ipsilaterally or contralaterally

55
Q

Where can lymph from the lower inner breast quadrants drain to?

A

Abdominal lymph nodes

56
Q

What can be the implication of axillary node clearance?

A

Lymphedema; as all lymph from upper limb also drains there

57
Q

What is contained within the axilla?

A

Brachial plexus
Axillary artery and axillary vein
Axillary lymph
All embedded in axillary fat

58
Q

What are the different levels of axillary node clearance?

A

Level 1; inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor
Level 2; deep to pectoralis minor
Level 3; superior and medial to pectoralis minor

59
Q

What determines the levels of axillary nodal clearance?

A

In relation to pectoralis minor

60
Q

What is the arterial supply to the breast?

A 
Internal thoracic forms the internal mammary (from subclavian) 
Lateral thoracic (axillary artery) 
Posterior intercostal arteries 2,3,4 at lateral aspect
61
Q

Does the venous drainage of the breast mirror the arterial?

A

Yes

62
Q

What are the male reproductive organs?

A

Testes

63
Q

What are the accessory reproductive organs in a male?

A

Vas
Seminal glands
Prostate gland
Penis

64
Q

What lies within the corpus spongiosum?

A

Spongy urethra

65
Q

What is the more inferior aspect of the peritoneal cavity in males?

A

Rectovesical

66
Q

What forms the bladder wall?

A

Detrusor muscle

67
Q

What openings are present on the trigone of the bladder?

A

2 ureteric orifices

Internal urethral orifice

68
Q

What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter in males?

A

Contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation

69
Q

Where do the testes develop?

A

Posterior wall of abdo cavity

70
Q

Through which structure do the testes pass through to reach the scrotum?

A

Anterior abdominal wall; inguinal canal

71
Q

What is present in the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery and vein
Vas deferens
Lymph
Nerves; autonomic (vas), somatic (cremaster muscle)

72
Q

In what structure do the testis sit within in the scrotum?

A

Tunica vaginalis

73
Q

What is excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis called?

A

Hydrocele

74
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous tubules

75
Q

What muscle controls the temp of the testes?

A

Dartos

76
Q

Describe the route of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to vas?

A 
Seminiferous tubules
Rete testes
Head of epididymis 
Tail of epididymis 
Vas
77
Q

What is the volume of the testis?

A

12-25ml

78
Q

What is the arterial supply of the testes?

A

Testicular artery; lateral aspect of abdominal aorta

79
Q

What is the venous supply of the testes?

A

Left testicular vein to the left renal vein

Right testicular vein to the IVC

80
Q

Through which structure does the blood supply and drainage pass through?

A

Deep inguinal ring (along with vas, lymph and nerves)

81
Q

What is the function of the prostatic urethra?

A

Drains urine from bladder

Passes semen in ejaculatino

82
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Mucus secretion

Lubricates urethra and neutralises acidity

83
Q

What makes up the ejaculatory duct?

A

Vas deferens

Duct from seminal gland

84
Q

What is the inferior aspect of the prostate gland in contact with?

A

Levator ani

85
Q

Where do the majority of prostate cancers arise from?

A 
Peripheral zone 
(central zone = BPH)
86
Q

What is the route of the vas?

A

Superiorly in spermatic cord to deep inguinal ring
At deep inguinal ring, turns medially into pelvis
Travels posterior to bladder

87
Q

Where do the left and right ejaculatory ducts join?

A

Within the prostate gland to drain into the urethra

88
Q

What is the anatomical position of the penis?

A

Erect

89
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Retraction of prepuce causing contraction of neck of glans

90
Q

In what area is the penis?

A

Within the perineum

91
Q

Where does the root of the penis attach?

A

Laterally to ischium of pelvis

92
Q

What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue within the penis?

A

2x corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

93
Q

What are the contents of the corpus cavernosum?

A

Transmit deep arteries of the penis

94
Q

What are the contents of the corpus spongiosum?

A

Spongy urethra

Expands distally to form glans penis

95
Q

Where does the superficial perineal pouch lie in the male?

A

Below perineal membrane

96
Q

What is contained within the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Root of penis:
Bulb (corpus spongiosum, crurs, corpus cavernosum)
Assoc muscles (bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus)

97
Q

What is the blood supply to the penis?

A

Deep arteries of the penis:

Branches from internal pudendal artery (from internal iliac)

98
Q

What is the blood supply to the scrotum?

A

Via internal pudendal and branches of external iliac

99
Q

Where does lymph from the testes drain?

A

Lumbar nodes

100
Q

Where does lymph from the scrotum and most of penis (not glans) drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes at the superficial fascia of the groin

101
Q

What structures pass through the levator ani in the male?

A

Rectum and urethra

102
Q

What nerve fibres does the pudendal nerve contain?

A

Sympathetic
Somatic sensory
Somatic motor

103
Q

What space does the pudendal nerve pass through in the perineum?

A

Ischioanal fossa

104
Q

What are the components of the fluid secreted by the seminal vesicle?

A 
Fructose
Proteins 
Prostaglandins 
Vitamin C 
Flavins 
Phosphorycholine 
Enzymes
105
Q

Which part of the ANS is responsible for orgasms?

A

Sympathetic

106
Q

What 4 muscles compress to vagina to act like sphincters?

A

Pubovaginalis
External urethral sphincter
Urethro-vaginal
Bulbospongiosus

107
Q

What is the blood supply to the vagina?

A

Superiorly; branches of uterine

Inferiorly; vaginala dn internal pudendal

108
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus a remnant of?

A

Ovarian gubernaculum; descend of ovaries from developmental position on the posterior abdominal wall

109
Q

What are the layers of the spine transversed in giving a spinal anaesthesia?

A 
From posterior to anterior: 
Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Supraspinous ligament,
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Dura mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space
110
Q

What muscles make up the levator ani?

A

Puborectalis (sling around rectum)
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

111
Q

What forms the anterior-inferior pelvic wall?

A

Bodies and rami of pubic bones and pubic symphysis

112
Q

What forms the lateral pelvic walls?

A

Bony framework formed by hip bones, including obturator foramen
Obturator internus

113
Q

What forms the posterior pelvic wall?

A

Bony wall and roof in midline (sacrum and coccyx)
SI joint
Piriformis muscle (leaves via greater sciatic foramen)
Sacral plexus

114
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Shallow compartment that lies between the levator ani superiorly and perineal skin inferiorly

115
Q

Function of levator ani?

A

Roof of perineum
Floor of pelvis
Support to pelvic organs
Maintains faecal and urinary continence

116
Q

Nerve fibres of pudendal nerve?

A

Somatic motor (levator ani and muscles of perineum)
Somatic sensory
Sympathetic nerve fibres

117
Q

Where does lymph from the uterus drain to?

A

Lumbar/ caval/ paraaortic nodes

118
Q

Route taken by sperm from production to fertilization

A 
Seminiferious tubules 
Rete testes
Epididymis 
Vas deferens in spermatic cord
Ejaculatory duct
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra
External urethral meatus
Vagina
Cervix
Fallopian tube
119
Q

Route taken by ovum from production to fertilization

A

Ovary
Peritoneal cavity
Gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of fallopian tube
Moved along to ampulla

120
Q

How can uterine prolapse occur?

A

Weakened pelvic support

Increased intra-abdominal pressure

121
Q

Components of fluid secreted by seminal vesicles?

A 
Proteins 
Enzymes
Fructose
Mucus
Vit C 
Flalvins 
Phosphorylcholine
Prostaglandin
122
Q

What is the main function of the fluid secreted by prostate?

A

Activation of sperm

123
Q

What are the functions of the fluid secreted by the bulbourethral (cowper’s) glands?

A

Lubricates urethra and helps to neutralise acid in urethra

124
Q

Which structures are located in spermatic cord?

A 
Ductus (vas) deferens
Testicular artery 
Venous drainage (pampiniform plexus) 
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Lymphatics

Repro and Sexual Health (77 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions