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Repro and Sexual Health > Histology of Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histology of Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Roles of the ovary?

A 
Produces gametes (oogenesis in females) 
Produces oestrogen and progesterone
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2
Q

What is contained within the medulla of the ovary?

A

Core of the organ
Loose connective tissue
Contorted arteries, veins and lymphatics
Continuous with the hilum of the organ

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3
Q

What makes up the outer shell of the cortex?

A

Dense connective tissue of the tunica albuginea

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4
Q

What type of epithelium covers the ovary?

A

Single layer of cuboidal cells called the germinal epithelium

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5
Q

What is the name of the dominant follicle?

A

Graafian follicle

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6
Q

What arteries supply the ovary?

A

A group of helicine arteries enter the hilum from the broad ligament to supply the ovary

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7
Q

What makes up the cortex of the ovary?

A

Follicles and connective tissue with stromal cells and scattered smooth muscle fibres

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8
Q

What are around 70% of ovarian cancers derived from?

A

Germinal epithelium

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9
Q

Where will the germ cells originate (around week 6)?

A

Yolk sac, they will invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia

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10
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Development of oocytes, the female germ cells, from oogonia

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11
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

Growth of a follicle, which consists of the oocyte and any assoc support cells

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12
Q

When is your peak number of eggs?

A

7 months in utero

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13
Q

What will be present on a primordial follicle?

A

Squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What defines a primary follicle?

A

Cuboidal granulosa cells and the presence of the granulosa cells
Formation of zona pellucida

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15
Q

What will the inner layers of the stromal cells become?

A

Theca interna and externa

Secrete oestrogen precursors which are transported to the granulosa cells to create oestrogen

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16
Q

What is present on the secondary follicle?

A

Antrum; filled with follicular fluid

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17
Q

What attaches the oocytes to the follicular wall?

A

Cumulus oophorus which is an outpouching of granulosa cells

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18
Q

Describe the meiosis seen in the graafian follicle

A

It will produce a secondary oocyte and a tiny polar body that carries the 2nd nucleus away to degenerate
The secondary oocyte will begin the second phase of meiosis and stop at metaphase 2

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19
Q

When will the secondary oocyte become a fully mature oocyte?

A

When it has been ovulated and fertilized, producing a second polar body

20
Q

What will the follicle turn into after ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum with the theca and granulosa cells secreting oestrogens and progesterone, helping prepare the uterus for implantation

21
Q

What occurs to the corpus luteum in the absence of fertilization and implantation?

A

Corpus albicans

22
Q

What occurs to the corpus luteum if implantation occurs?

A

Placenta will secrete hCG preventing degeneration of the corpus luteum, and so maintains progesterone levels to maintain the pregnancy

23
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

Funnel shaped; moves so that its opening is adjacent to the site where the follicle ruptures

24
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the fallopian tubes?

A

Simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory epithelium

25
Q

Where does fertilization commonly occur?

A

Ampulla or isthmus

26
Q

Why is there smooth muscle in the uterine tubes?

A

Peristalsis

27
Q

What makes up the uterine wall?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

28
Q

Describe the endometrium of the uterine wall

A

Inner secretory mucosa which is shed in menstruation

Made up of tubular secretory glands embedded in a connective tissue stroma

29
Q

Describe the myometrium of the uterine wall

A

3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue

30
Q

Describe the perimetrium of the uterine wall

A

Outer visceral covering of loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

31
Q

What are the 2 parts of the endometrium?

A

Stratum functionalis; undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss
Straum basalis; reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis

32
Q

How will the glands of the endometrium change in the secretory phase?

A

Become coiled with a corkscrew appearance

Secrete glycogen

33
Q

What will occurs to the stratum functionalis in the menstrual phase?

A

Arterioles undergo constriction, depriving the tissue of blood and causing ischaemia with resultant tissue breakdown, leakage of blood and tissue sloughing

34
Q

What makes up the majority of the cervix?

A

Fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium on its vaginal surface but transitioning to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

35
Q

What is the clinical significance o the squamocolumnar junction?

A

Common site of dysplasia and neoplastic changes

36
Q

How does the mucus secreted from the cervix vary?

A

Watery in proliferative phase

Thick and viscous following ovulation

37
Q

What is a nabothian cyst?

A

Outlets of the glands become blocked resulting in the glands expanding forming a cyst

38
Q

What are the 4 layers to the vagina?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Lamina propria
Fibromuscular layer
Adventitia

39
Q

How does the vagina stay lubricated?

A

Mucous from cervical glands and fluid from the thin walled blood vessels of the lamina propria

40
Q

What is the function of glycogen and lactic acid in the vagina?

A

Commensals metabolize the glycogen

Lactic acid inhibits the pathogenic bacteria

41
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A

Skin which contains highly oblique hair follicles (coarse, curly pubic hair) overlying a substantial subcutaneous fat pad which overlies the pubic symphysis

42
Q

Describe the labia majora

A

Extensions of mons pubic, similar in structure and rich in apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands with small bundles of smooth muscle

43
Q

Describe the labia minoria

A

Thin skin folds that lack subcutaneous fat and hair follicles
Rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands

44
Q

Describe the clitoris

A

2 tubes of erectile vascular tissue (corpora cavernosa), covered by a fibrocollagenous sheath with a rich innervation and a thin epidermis

45
Q

Describe the transition of epithelium from the labia minora to the vagina

A

Keratinized extends to the hymen

Transition to non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the vagina

Repro and Sexual Health (77 decks)

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