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Repro and Sexual Health > Healthy term infant > Flashcards

Healthy term infant Flashcards

1
Q

What are the term parameters?

A 
Term after 37 weeks 
Post term after 41 week 
Preterm 32-36 weeks 
Very preterm 28-32 weeks
Extremely preterm 23-28 week
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2
Q

What are the normal weights for babies?

A

2.5-4.0kg
Over 4.0kg - LGA
Under 3.5 kg - SGA

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3
Q

What is the daily weight gain in the 3rd trim?

A

24 g

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4
Q

What is the main function of the 3rd trim?

A

Weight gain

Transfer of ions and vitamins from placenta

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5
Q

Describe the conditions to the baby in labour?

A

Hypoxic during contractions
Foetal Hb helps to release O2
Prolonged labour results in reduced foetal reserves
Increased cortisol and adrenaline enhances adaptation

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6
Q

What is the immediate perinatal adaptation?

A

First breath/ cry
Alveolar expansion
Change from foetal to newborn circulation
Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
Increased PaO2
Apgar score
Early/ immediate skin to skin and suckling

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7
Q

What does the apgar score take into consideration?

A 
HR 
RR
Responsiveness
Tone 
Colour
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8
Q

What is a normal apgar?

A

> 8

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9
Q

What is important for establishment of breastfeeding?

A

Skin to skin

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10
Q

Do babies tend to be alert after delivery?

A

Yes; very alert

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11
Q

Where can haemorrhagic disease of the newborn bleed into?

A

GI
Lung
CNS

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12
Q

What is given to newborns to prevent haemorrhagic disease of the newborn?

A

Vitamin K IM

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13
Q

What infections are babies at risk for due to vertical transmission?

A 
Hep B; immediate vaccination or immunoglobulin
Hep C
HIV
Syphilis
TB
GAS
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14
Q

What vaccinations are given to newborn babies?

A

Maternal pertussis and influenza
Routine vaccine schedule
Hep B at birth?
BCG first month?

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15
Q

What screening tests are performed on babies?

A

Newborn exam
Universal hearing screening
Hip; clinical and USS
Heel prick; CF, hypothyroidism, haemoglobinopathies, metabolic disease (incl. PKU)

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16
Q

What will the CF heel prick test for?

A

Immunoreactive trypsin

17
Q

When is a newborn examination carried out?

A

Immediately after delivery

Formally around 24 hours

18
Q

What is assessed for in the head new born examination?

A 
OFC; head circumference
Overlapping sutures
Fontanelles
Ventouse/ forceps marks
Moulding
Cephalohaematoma
Caput succedaneum
19
Q

What is the difference between cephalohematoma and caput?

A

Cephalohematoma; between periosteum and epicranial aponeurosis. Limited to suture lines
Caput; swelling in outer layer of skin

20
Q

What is assessed in the eyes of newborn exam?

A 
Size
Red reflex
Conjunctival haemorrhage
Squints
Iris abnormality
21
Q

What is the commonest reason for an absent red reflex?

A

Cataracts; MUST be fixed to prevent cortical blindness

22
Q

What is assessed in the ears of newborn exam?

A 
Position 
External auditory canal
Tags/ pits
Folding 
FMHx of hearing loss
23
Q

What is assessed in the mouth of a newborn exam?

A 
Shape
Philtrum (FAS)
Tongue tie
Palate
Neonatal teeth
Ebstein's pearls
Sucking/ rooting (neuro)
24
Q

What are signs of resp distress in a newborn baby?

A 
Chest shape
Nasal flaring
Grunting 
Tachypnoea (>60)
In-drawing
Breath sounds
25
Q

What encompasses the cardio exam in newborn exam?

A 
Colour/ sats
Pulses; femoral
Apex
Thrills/ heaves
Heart sounds
26
Q

What encompasses the abdo exam of neonates?

A 
Moves with resp
Distention 
Hernia
Umbilicus (infection) 
Bile stained vomitus
Passage of meconium
Anus; can be a fistula to vagina or bladder
27
Q

What encompasses the Gu exam of neonates?

A

Normal passage of urine
Normal genitalia
Undescended testes
Hypospadius

28
Q

What encompasses the MSK exam of neonates?

A

Movement and posture
Limbs and digits
Spine
Hip exam

29
Q

What encompasses the neurological exam of neonates?

A 
Alert/ responsiveness
Cry
Tone
Posture
Movement
Primitive reflexes
30
Q

What are the primitive reflexes?

A 
Sucking
Rooting
Moro
ATNR
Stepping
Grasp
31
Q

What kinds of skin lesions affects babies?

A

Mongolian blue spot
Strawberry naevus
Port wine stain

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