Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

U World Step 2 > Pregnancy, Childbirth, & Puerperium > Flashcards

Pregnancy, Childbirth, & Puerperium Flashcards

1
Q

First stage of labor

Definition

Phases

A

Latent: Gradual cervical change from 0 cm to 6 cm dilation

Active: Rapid cervical change from 6 cm to 10 cm dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disorders of the active phase of labor

  1. Diagnosis
  2. Clinical features
  3. Treatment
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neural tube detects

  1. Types
  2. Risk factors
  3. Prenatal screening
  4. Prevention
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infants of diabetic mothers – general risks

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

Preterm delivery

Fetal macrosomia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infant of diabetic mother – complications

  1. 1st trimester
  2. 2nd and 3rd trimester
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Placenta previa

  1. Risk factors
  2. Clinical features
  3. Diagnosis/management
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fetal fibronectin

A

Found on the choriodecidual interface

Presence in vaginal secretions at 24-34 gestation is predictive of preterm delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kleihauer-Betke test

A

Determines the necessary dose of Rh(D) anti-D immunoglobulin after delivery of an Rh-positive fetus to an Rh-negative mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tocolytics

  1. Drug
  2. Mechanism
  3. Indication
  4. Side effects
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Preterm labor (<37 weeks)

  1. Gestational age
  2. Management
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eclampsia

  1. Clinical features
  2. Management
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of abortion (pregnancy loss at <20 weeks of pregnancy)

  1. Missed
  2. Threatened
  3. Inevitable
  4. Incomplete
  5. Complete
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antepartum fetal surveillance

Purpose

Frequency

A

Evaluates for fetal hypoxia in pregnancies with a high risk of fetal demise due to maternal or fetal factors.

Maternal factors: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus

Fetal factors: post-term pregnancy, growth-restriction

Weekly testing starting at 32 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal non-stress test (NST)

A

>=2 heart rate accelerations that are >= 15 beats/min above baseline and >=15 seconds long within a 20 minute period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antepartum fetal surveillance (Description, normal result, abnormal result)

  1. Nonstress test
  2. Biophysical profile
  3. Contracction stress test
  4. Doppler sonography of the umbilical artery
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Placenta accreta

Risk factors

A

Occurs when uterine villi attach directly to the myometrium instead of the decidua.

Risk factors:

Prior cesarean delivery

History of D&C

Maternal age > 35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

Placental abruption

Premature detachment of the placenta from the uterus

Vaginal bleeding

Abdominal pain

Tense and distended uterus

Fetal heart rate abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

Placenta previa

Occurs when the placenta implants over the internal cervical os

Contractions and cervical dilation typically cause antepartum hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

Vasa previa

Fetal vessels traverse the amniotic membranes over the cervical os

Painless antepartum bleeding and fetal heart rate abnormalities just after the rupture of membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Breastfeeding contraindications

  1. Maternal
  2. Infant
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Biophysical profile (Component, normal finding)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nuchal cord

A

Associated with variable decelerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Intrauterine fetal demise

  1. Definition
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Management
  4. Complication
A

Risk factors for intrauterine fetal demise: nulliparity, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Kleihauer-Betke test

A

Confirm or rule out fetomaternal hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Evaluation of fetal demise

  1. Fetal
  2. Maternal
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Postpartum urinary retention

  1. Risk factors
  2. Clinical features
  3. Management
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Preeclampsia

  1. Definition
  2. Severe Features
  3. Management
  4. Fetal complications
A
  1. Fetal complications: Oligoydramnios and fetal growth restriction/small for gestational age infants due to chronic uteroplacental insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Management of patients >=37 weeks gestation with breech presentation

A

External cephalic version

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Internal podalic version

A

Used for breech extraction of a malpresenting second twin

Breech delivery of a second twin has a lower risk of asphyxia than Cesarean and is not contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pubic symphysis diastasis

  1. Risk factors
  2. Presentation
  3. Management
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Femoral nerve damage

A

Can occur during delivery as a result of hyperfelxion of the thigh

Numbness over anterior and medial thigh, inability to extend the leg or flex the thigh, and diminished patellar reflexes

32
Q

Risk factors for fetal macroscomia (Weight > 4 kg)

  1. Maternal
  2. Fetal
A
33
Q

Low back pain during pregnancy

  1. Etiology
  2. Risk factors
  3. Imaging
  4. Mangement
A
34
Q

Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring

  1. Early decelerations
  2. Late decelerations
  3. Variable decelerations
A
35
Q

Chorioamnionitis

A

Maternal fever

Fetal tachycardia (baseline FHR > 160 bpm)

36
Q

Fetal anemia

A

Sinusoidal fetal heart rate tracing

37
Q

Recurrent variable decelerations

A

Occur with >50% of contractions

Require treatment to prevent fetal acidosis

  1. Maternal repositioning (to left lateral) - 1st line
  2. Amnioinfusion - 2nd line
38
Q

Normal physiological changes during pregnancy (system, clinical finding, mechanism)

  1. Renal/urinary
  2. Heme
  3. Cardiovascular
  4. Pulmonary
A
39
Q

Syphilis in pregnancy

  1. Screening
  2. Serologic tests
  3. Treatment
  4. Pregnancy effects
  5. Fetal efects
A
40
Q

Timing of screening for Group B strep

A

35-37 weeks

41
Q

Causes of hyperandrogenism in pregnancy

  1. Diagnosis
  2. Maternal clinical features
  3. Fetal virilization
A
42
Q
A

Neonatal clavicular fracture

No intervention needed

Heals rapidly without intervention

43
Q

Neonatal displaced clavicular fracture

  1. Risk factors
  2. Clinical features
  3. Diagnosis
  4. Treatment
A
44
Q

Treatment of preeclampsia

  1. Drug
  2. Indication
A
45
Q

Maternal cardiopulmonary adaptations to pregnancy

  1. Maternal adaptations
  2. Clinical manifestations
A
46
Q

Ectopic pregnancy locations

A
47
Q

Managment of a hemodynamically unstable patient with hemoperitoneum (bloiod in pelvis)

A

Emergency surgical exploration

48
Q

Gestational diabetes mellitus

  1. Target blood glucose levels
  2. Treatment
A
49
Q

Brachial plexus injuries

A
50
Q

Management of shoulder dystocia (BE CALM)

A
51
Q

Chorioamnionitis (intraamniotic infection)

  1. Risk factors
  2. Diagnosis
A
52
Q

Late-term and postterm pregnancy complications

  1. Fetal
  2. Maternal
A
53
Q
A

Uterine rupture

Presents with severe pain, antepartum bleeding, and loss of fetal status.

Uterine rupture rarely occurs in patients who have no had uterine surgery.

54
Q

Uterine inversion

  1. Etiology
  2. Presentation

3. Management

A

If the placenta is still attached to the uterus, it should not be removed until after the uterus is replaced due to risk of massive hemorrhage.

55
Q

Routine prenatal laboratory tests

  1. Initial prenatal visit
  2. 24-28 weeks
  3. 35-37 weeks
A
56
Q

Montevedo units

A

Measure adequacy of contractions

of uterine contactions in 10 min x contraction strength

Adequate labor: 200 Montevideo units

57
Q

Treatment of pyelonephritis in pregnancy

A

Ceftriaxone

58
Q

Treatment of acute cervicitis

A

Ceftriaxone + azithromycin

(Covers gonorrhea and chlamydia)

59
Q

Treatment of lactational mastitis

A

Dicloxacillin

Narrow spectrum penicillin that coers the two most frequent pathogens: MSSA and Group A Strep

60
Q

Treatment of breast abscesses

A

Vancomycin

61
Q

Postpartum endometritis

  1. Risk factors
  2. Clinical features
  3. Etiology

4. Treatment

A
62
Q

Fetal position

A

Relatinship of the fetal presenting part to the maternal pelvis

Optimal feal position: occiput anterior (facilitates the cardinal movements of labor)

Deviations: Occiput transverse, occiput posterior

63
Q

Fetal presentation

A

Lowest part of the fetus in the maternal pelvis

Most common: Vertex

Nonvertex presentations: breech, face

64
Q

Fetal station

A

Measures the descent of the presenting part through the pelvis

65
Q

Second stage arrest of labor

  1. Definition
  2. Risk factors
  3. Etiology
  4. Management
A

Second stage begins when the cervix is 10 cm dilated and ends with delivery

66
Q

Fetal growth restriction (Symmetric versus Asymmetric)

  1. Definition
  2. Onset
  3. Etiology
  4. Clinical features
  5. Managment
A
67
Q

Vaccines during pregnancy

  1. Recommended
  2. Indicated for high-risk patients
  3. Contraindicated
A
68
Q

Management of pregnant patients exposed to varicella

A

If a patient lacks evidence of immunity (negative IgG serologic testing, no history of childhood infection), she is treated with postexposure prophylaxis.

Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin administration.

Varicella vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy.

69
Q

Magnesium toxicity

  1. Clinical features
  2. Treatment
  3. Common risk factor
A
  1. Common risk factor: Renal insufficiency, because magnesium is excreted solely by the kidneys
70
Q

Preventing neonatal group B Streptococcus infection

  1. Universal screening
  2. Indications
  3. Prophylaxis
A
71
Q

Preterm birth prevention

A
72
Q

Risks associated with being Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

A

Hypoxia

Polycythemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypothermia

Hypocalcemia

73
Q
A

Hydatidiform mole

Anechoic, cystic spaces (“snowstorm” on ultrasound)

74
Q

Hydatidiform mole

  1. Clinical presentation
  2. Risk factors
  3. Diagnosis
  4. Management
A

Preeclampsia with severe features at <20 weeks gestation

75
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

  1. RIsk factors
  2. Clinical features
  3. Diagnosis
  4. Management
A
76
Q

Indications for prophylactic anti-D immune globulin administration for Rh(D)-negative patients

A

Anti-D immune globulin (RhoGAM) is indicate in unsensitized, Rh-negative women at 28 weeks gestation or within 72 hours of any procedure or incident in which there is any possibility of feto-maternal blood mixing.

77
Q

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

False positive VDRL (FTA-ABS negative)

Prolonged PTT

Thrombocytopenia

Prophylaxis with low dose aspirin and LMWH

U World Step 2 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions