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U World Step 2 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

  1. Autoantibody target
  2. Histopathology
  3. Immunofluorescence
  4. Clinical features
  5. Treatment
A
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2
Q
  1. Diagnosis
  2. Exam findings
  3. Complications
  4. Precipitating factors
  5. Treatment
A
  1. Diagnosis: Plaque psoriasis
  2. Exam findings: Hyperkeratosis, well-demarcated erythematous plaques with white or silver scale, primarily extensor surfaces
  3. Complications: Nail changes, ocular inflammation, psoriatic arthritis
  4. Factors leading to worsening symptoms: Local trauma (Koebner phenomenon), infections, withdrawalfrom systemic glucocorticoids, medications (antimalarials, indomethacin, propranolol)
  5. Treatment: Topical high-potency glucocorticoids or vitamin D derivatives (calcipotriene)
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3
Q
A

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

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4
Q
A

Nummular (discoid) eczema

Scattered, round, eczematous plaques on the back or extremities

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5
Q
A

Dyshidrotic exczema (pompholyx)

Pruritic vesicles and erythema on palms and soles

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6
Q
A

Lichen simplex chronicus (neurodermatitis)

Thickened excoriated plaques due to persistent scratching and rubbing

Associated with anxiety disorders and typically occurs in areas that are easy to reach (arms, legs, neck)

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7
Q
A

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

Scaly pruritic patches or plaques

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8
Q
A

Seborrheic dermatitis

Scaly, oily, erythematous rash affecting the skinfolds around the nose, eyebrows, and ears.

Involvement of the scalp is referred to as dandruff.

Associated with CNS disorders: Parkinsons, HIV

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9
Q
A

Tinea corporis

Dermatophyte infection

Ring of erythema and scaling with central clearing

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10
Q
A

Condyloma acuminata

HPV

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11
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A

Herpes simplex virus

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12
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A

Molluscum contagiosum

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13
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A

Condyloma lata

Manifestation of late secondary syphilis

Flattened pink or gray velvety papules

Most commonly seen at the moist skin of the genital organs, perineum, and mouth

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14
Q
  1. Clinical features
  2. Treatment
A

Associated with colonization by Malessezia species

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15
Q
A

Atopic dermatitis

Affect cheeks, scalp, trunk, and extensor surfaces in infants

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16
Q
A

Contact dermatitis

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17
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A

Psoriasis

Red, sharply demarcated, scaling lesions that coalesce to form round or oval plaques

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18
Q
A

Tinea capitis

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19
Q
  1. Pathogenesis
  2. Clinical features
  3. Treatment
A
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20
Q
A

Bedbugs

Bedbug bites cause small, punctate lesions with surrounding erythema, classically in linear tracks or clusters.

“Breakfast, lunch, and dinner” bites.

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21
Q
A

Eczema

Pruritic, erythematous plaques, with thickened skin, lichenification, and fibrotic papules with excoriation.

Involves neck, antecubital fossa, popliteal fossa, face, wrists, and forearms.

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22
Q
A

Secondary syphilis

Fever, lyphadenopathy, nonpuritic rash

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23
Q
A

Urticaria

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24
Q
A

Icthiosis vulgaris

Treat with emollients, keratolytics, and topical retinoids

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25
Q
A

Irritant contact dermatitis

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26
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Grouped pruritic vesicles on the buttocks and extensor surfaces of the limbs

Autoimmune dermal reaction to dietary gluten

Biopsy shows microabscesses at the tipes of the dermal papillae with deposits of IgA antibodies against epidermal transglutaminase

Treatment: oral dapsone, Eliminate gluen

27
Q
A

Dermatofibroma

Nontender, firm, hyperpigmented nodules < 1 cm in diameter.

Due to fibroblast proliferation and most commonly occur on the lower extremities.

Have a fibrous component that causes the central area to dimple when pinched.

28
Q
A

Basal cell carcinoma

Most common type of skin cancer

Presents as a pearly nodule with small telangiectasias is sun-exposed areas.

29
Q
A

Kaposi sarcoma

Due to HHV-8

Frequently seen in immunocompromised (AIDS) patients

Multicentric, red, purple, or brown macules, plaques, or nodules that can appear on the trunk, extremities, or face.

30
Q
A

Pyogenic granuloma

Benign vascular skin tumor that presents as a small red papule that grows rapidly over weeks or months to a pedunculated or sessile shiny mass.

Occur most commonly on the lip and oral mucosa and can bleed with minor trauma.

31
Q
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Second most common skin cancer

Occurs on sun-exposed areas

Firm and scaly papules, plaques or nodules

32
Q

Ulcer stagine (Clinical features)

I.

II.

III.

IV

Unstageable

A
33
Q
A

Charcot deformity

Often occurs in conjunction with diabetic foot ulcers

34
Q
A

Rosacea

Erythema, edema, telangiectasias

Flushing and local discomfort triggered by spicy food, emtional stressors, temperature fluctuations

35
Q
A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Sparing of nasolabial folds

36
Q
A

Pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor)

Hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules or patches on the upper body.

Caused by Malassezia species yeast and is most offten visible after extensive sun exposure due to tanning of the surrounding skin

37
Q
A

Caused by HPV infection

38
Q
A

Callus

39
Q
A

Lichen planus

Immune mediated

Purple flat-topped papules or plaques that are pruritic, planar, or polygonal.

Flexoral surfaces of extremities, trunk, and genitalia.

40
Q
A

Furuncle

Skin abscess, usually due to staph aureus

41
Q
A

Intertrigo

Due to infection with Candida albicans

Well-defined, erythmatous plaques with satellite vesicles or pustules in intertriginous and occluded skin areas.

42
Q

Clinical Features of Melanoma

A
43
Q

Breslow depth (and Clark Levels) of Melanoma

A

Breslow depth is the most important prognostic factor in melanoma

Palapable nodularity of a mole implies vertical depth

44
Q
A

Actinic keratosis

Indistinct, roughened papules most common in sub-exposed areas (face and dorsal surface of hands).

Treated by destruction in situ with cryotherapy or topical fluorouracil

45
Q
A

Atypical nevus

Periodic surveillance is recommended

46
Q

Most common malignancy of the lower lip

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

47
Q
A

Keratin pearls

Characteristic of biopsy of squamous cell carcinoma

48
Q
  1. Pathogenesis
  2. Clinical Features

3. Diagnosis

4. Treatment

A

Tinea versicolor is the only tinea infection that is not caused by dermatophytes (which require keratin for growth)

49
Q
A

Cutaneous candidiasis

50
Q
A

Tiniea corporis (ringworm)

Annular lesions with advancing scaly borders and central clearing

Scaly patches over the trunk

Dermatophyte infections require keratin for growth

51
Q
A

Guttate psoriasis

Scattered, scaly, erythematous papules or small plaques, typically following an acute streptococcal infection

52
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions

  1. Type
  2. Immunology
  3. Examples
A
53
Q
A

Dongenital dermal melanocytosis (“Mongolian spot”)

Benign, flat, blue-grey patches usually present over the lower back and buttocks.

Commonly found in African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American infants and usually fade spontaneously during childhood.

54
Q
A

Sacral dimple

Sacral dimples and hair tufts are stigmata of occult spinal gord malformations

55
Q
A

Cellulitis

56
Q

Common skin infections (Infection, organism, manifestations)

  1. Erysipelas
  2. Cellulitis (nonpurulent)
  3. Cellulitis (purulent)
A
57
Q
A

Usually HSV-2 in adults

58
Q

What malignancy is associated with chronically wounded, scarred, or inflamed skin?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

59
Q
A

Basal cell carcinoma

60
Q
A

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

61
Q

Tinea corporis

  1. Risk factors
  2. Presentation

3. Treatment

A
62
Q
  1. Clinical presentation
  2. Associated conditions
  3. Diagnostic testing
A
63
Q
A

Seborrheic keratosis

U World Step 2 (22 decks)

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