Dermatology Flashcards
Bullous pemphigoid
- Autoantibody target
- Histopathology
- Immunofluorescence
- Clinical features
- Treatment

- Diagnosis
- Exam findings
- Complications
- Precipitating factors
- Treatment

- Diagnosis: Plaque psoriasis
- Exam findings: Hyperkeratosis, well-demarcated erythematous plaques with white or silver scale, primarily extensor surfaces
- Complications: Nail changes, ocular inflammation, psoriatic arthritis
- Factors leading to worsening symptoms: Local trauma (Koebner phenomenon), infections, withdrawalfrom systemic glucocorticoids, medications (antimalarials, indomethacin, propranolol)
- Treatment: Topical high-potency glucocorticoids or vitamin D derivatives (calcipotriene)

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Nummular (discoid) eczema
Scattered, round, eczematous plaques on the back or extremities

Dyshidrotic exczema (pompholyx)
Pruritic vesicles and erythema on palms and soles

Lichen simplex chronicus (neurodermatitis)
Thickened excoriated plaques due to persistent scratching and rubbing
Associated with anxiety disorders and typically occurs in areas that are easy to reach (arms, legs, neck)

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
Scaly pruritic patches or plaques

Seborrheic dermatitis
Scaly, oily, erythematous rash affecting the skinfolds around the nose, eyebrows, and ears.
Involvement of the scalp is referred to as dandruff.
Associated with CNS disorders: Parkinsons, HIV

Tinea corporis
Dermatophyte infection
Ring of erythema and scaling with central clearing

Condyloma acuminata
HPV

Herpes simplex virus

Molluscum contagiosum

Condyloma lata
Manifestation of late secondary syphilis
Flattened pink or gray velvety papules
Most commonly seen at the moist skin of the genital organs, perineum, and mouth
- Clinical features
- Treatment

Associated with colonization by Malessezia species


Atopic dermatitis
Affect cheeks, scalp, trunk, and extensor surfaces in infants

Contact dermatitis

Psoriasis
Red, sharply demarcated, scaling lesions that coalesce to form round or oval plaques

Tinea capitis
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical features
- Treatment



Bedbugs
Bedbug bites cause small, punctate lesions with surrounding erythema, classically in linear tracks or clusters.
“Breakfast, lunch, and dinner” bites.

Eczema
Pruritic, erythematous plaques, with thickened skin, lichenification, and fibrotic papules with excoriation.
Involves neck, antecubital fossa, popliteal fossa, face, wrists, and forearms.

Secondary syphilis
Fever, lyphadenopathy, nonpuritic rash

Urticaria

Icthiosis vulgaris
Treat with emollients, keratolytics, and topical retinoids

Irritant contact dermatitis
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Grouped pruritic vesicles on the buttocks and extensor surfaces of the limbs
Autoimmune dermal reaction to dietary gluten
Biopsy shows microabscesses at the tipes of the dermal papillae with deposits of IgA antibodies against epidermal transglutaminase
Treatment: oral dapsone, Eliminate gluen

Dermatofibroma
Nontender, firm, hyperpigmented nodules < 1 cm in diameter.
Due to fibroblast proliferation and most commonly occur on the lower extremities.
Have a fibrous component that causes the central area to dimple when pinched.

Basal cell carcinoma
Most common type of skin cancer
Presents as a pearly nodule with small telangiectasias is sun-exposed areas.

Kaposi sarcoma
Due to HHV-8
Frequently seen in immunocompromised (AIDS) patients
Multicentric, red, purple, or brown macules, plaques, or nodules that can appear on the trunk, extremities, or face.

Pyogenic granuloma
Benign vascular skin tumor that presents as a small red papule that grows rapidly over weeks or months to a pedunculated or sessile shiny mass.
Occur most commonly on the lip and oral mucosa and can bleed with minor trauma.

Squamous cell carcinoma
Second most common skin cancer
Occurs on sun-exposed areas
Firm and scaly papules, plaques or nodules
Ulcer stagine (Clinical features)
I.
II.
III.
IV
Unstageable


Charcot deformity
Often occurs in conjunction with diabetic foot ulcers

Rosacea
Erythema, edema, telangiectasias
Flushing and local discomfort triggered by spicy food, emtional stressors, temperature fluctuations

Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sparing of nasolabial folds

Pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor)
Hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules or patches on the upper body.
Caused by Malassezia species yeast and is most offten visible after extensive sun exposure due to tanning of the surrounding skin

Caused by HPV infection

Callus

Lichen planus
Immune mediated
Purple flat-topped papules or plaques that are pruritic, planar, or polygonal.
Flexoral surfaces of extremities, trunk, and genitalia.

Furuncle
Skin abscess, usually due to staph aureus

Intertrigo
Due to infection with Candida albicans
Well-defined, erythmatous plaques with satellite vesicles or pustules in intertriginous and occluded skin areas.
Clinical Features of Melanoma

Breslow depth (and Clark Levels) of Melanoma
Breslow depth is the most important prognostic factor in melanoma
Palapable nodularity of a mole implies vertical depth


Actinic keratosis
Indistinct, roughened papules most common in sub-exposed areas (face and dorsal surface of hands).
Treated by destruction in situ with cryotherapy or topical fluorouracil

Atypical nevus
Periodic surveillance is recommended
Most common malignancy of the lower lip
Squamous cell carcinoma

Keratin pearls
Characteristic of biopsy of squamous cell carcinoma
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
3. Diagnosis
4. Treatment

Tinea versicolor is the only tinea infection that is not caused by dermatophytes (which require keratin for growth)

Cutaneous candidiasis


Tiniea corporis (ringworm)
Annular lesions with advancing scaly borders and central clearing
Scaly patches over the trunk
Dermatophyte infections require keratin for growth

Guttate psoriasis
Scattered, scaly, erythematous papules or small plaques, typically following an acute streptococcal infection
Hypersensitivity reactions
- Type
- Immunology
- Examples


Dongenital dermal melanocytosis (“Mongolian spot”)
Benign, flat, blue-grey patches usually present over the lower back and buttocks.
Commonly found in African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American infants and usually fade spontaneously during childhood.

Sacral dimple
Sacral dimples and hair tufts are stigmata of occult spinal gord malformations

Cellulitis
Common skin infections (Infection, organism, manifestations)
- Erysipelas
- Cellulitis (nonpurulent)
- Cellulitis (purulent)


Usually HSV-2 in adults
What malignancy is associated with chronically wounded, scarred, or inflamed skin?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Tinea corporis
- Risk factors
- Presentation
3. Treatment

- Clinical presentation
- Associated conditions
- Diagnostic testing



Seborrheic keratosis