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U World Step 2 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

  1. Autoantibody target
  2. Histopathology
  3. Immunofluorescence
  4. Clinical features
  5. Treatment
A
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2
Q
  1. Diagnosis
  2. Exam findings
  3. Complications
  4. Precipitating factors
  5. Treatment
A
  1. Diagnosis: Plaque psoriasis
  2. Exam findings: Hyperkeratosis, well-demarcated erythematous plaques with white or silver scale, primarily extensor surfaces
  3. Complications: Nail changes, ocular inflammation, psoriatic arthritis
  4. Factors leading to worsening symptoms: Local trauma (Koebner phenomenon), infections, withdrawalfrom systemic glucocorticoids, medications (antimalarials, indomethacin, propranolol)
  5. Treatment: Topical high-potency glucocorticoids or vitamin D derivatives (calcipotriene)
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3
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A

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

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4
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A

Nummular (discoid) eczema

Scattered, round, eczematous plaques on the back or extremities

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5
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A

Dyshidrotic exczema (pompholyx)

Pruritic vesicles and erythema on palms and soles

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6
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Lichen simplex chronicus (neurodermatitis)

Thickened excoriated plaques due to persistent scratching and rubbing

Associated with anxiety disorders and typically occurs in areas that are easy to reach (arms, legs, neck)

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7
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A

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

Scaly pruritic patches or plaques

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8
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A

Seborrheic dermatitis

Scaly, oily, erythematous rash affecting the skinfolds around the nose, eyebrows, and ears.

Involvement of the scalp is referred to as dandruff.

Associated with CNS disorders: Parkinsons, HIV

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9
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A

Tinea corporis

Dermatophyte infection

Ring of erythema and scaling with central clearing

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10
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A

Condyloma acuminata

HPV

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11
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A

Herpes simplex virus

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12
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Molluscum contagiosum

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13
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A

Condyloma lata

Manifestation of late secondary syphilis

Flattened pink or gray velvety papules

Most commonly seen at the moist skin of the genital organs, perineum, and mouth

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14
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  1. Clinical features
  2. Treatment
A

Associated with colonization by Malessezia species

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15
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A

Atopic dermatitis

Affect cheeks, scalp, trunk, and extensor surfaces in infants

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16
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A

Contact dermatitis

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17
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Psoriasis

Red, sharply demarcated, scaling lesions that coalesce to form round or oval plaques

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18
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A

Tinea capitis

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19
Q
  1. Pathogenesis
  2. Clinical features
  3. Treatment
A
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20
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A

Bedbugs

Bedbug bites cause small, punctate lesions with surrounding erythema, classically in linear tracks or clusters.

“Breakfast, lunch, and dinner” bites.

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21
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A

Eczema

Pruritic, erythematous plaques, with thickened skin, lichenification, and fibrotic papules with excoriation.

Involves neck, antecubital fossa, popliteal fossa, face, wrists, and forearms.

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22
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A

Secondary syphilis

Fever, lyphadenopathy, nonpuritic rash

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23
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A

Urticaria

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24
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Icthiosis vulgaris

Treat with emollients, keratolytics, and topical retinoids

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25
Irritant contact dermatitis
26
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Grouped pruritic vesicles on the buttocks and extensor surfaces of the limbs Autoimmune dermal reaction to dietary gluten Biopsy shows microabscesses at the tipes of the dermal papillae with deposits of IgA antibodies against epidermal transglutaminase **Treatment**: oral dapsone, Eliminate gluen
27
Dermatofibroma Nontender, firm, hyperpigmented nodules \< 1 cm in diameter. Due to fibroblast proliferation and most commonly occur on the lower extremities. Have a fibrous component that causes the central area to dimple when pinched.
28
Basal cell carcinoma Most common type of skin cancer Presents as a pearly nodule with small telangiectasias is sun-exposed areas.
29
Kaposi sarcoma Due to HHV-8 Frequently seen in immunocompromised (AIDS) patients Multicentric, red, purple, or brown macules, plaques, or nodules that can appear on the trunk, extremities, or face.
30
Pyogenic granuloma Benign vascular skin tumor that presents as a small red papule that grows rapidly over weeks or months to a pedunculated or sessile shiny mass. Occur most commonly on the lip and oral mucosa and can bleed with minor trauma.
31
Squamous cell carcinoma Second most common skin cancer Occurs on sun-exposed areas Firm and scaly papules, plaques or nodules
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Ulcer stagine (Clinical features) I. II. III. IV Unstageable
33
Charcot deformity Often occurs in conjunction with diabetic foot ulcers
34
Rosacea Erythema, edema, telangiectasias Flushing and local discomfort triggered by spicy food, emtional stressors, temperature fluctuations
35
Systemic lupus erythematosus Sparing of nasolabial folds
36
Pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor) Hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules or patches on the upper body. Caused by *Malassezia* species yeast and is most offten visible after extensive sun exposure due to tanning of the surrounding skin
37
Caused by HPV infection
38
Callus
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Lichen planus Immune mediated Purple flat-topped papules or plaques that are pruritic, planar, or polygonal. Flexoral surfaces of extremities, trunk, and genitalia.
40
Furuncle Skin abscess, usually due to staph aureus
41
Intertrigo Due to infection with Candida albicans Well-defined, erythmatous plaques with satellite vesicles or pustules in intertriginous and occluded skin areas.
42
Clinical Features of Melanoma
43
Breslow depth (and Clark Levels) of Melanoma
Breslow depth is the most important prognostic factor in melanoma Palapable nodularity of a mole implies vertical depth
44
Actinic keratosis Indistinct, roughened papules most common in sub-exposed areas (face and dorsal surface of hands). Treated by destruction in situ with **cryotherapy** or topical **fluorouracil**
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Atypical nevus Periodic surveillance is recommended
46
Most common malignancy of the lower lip
Squamous cell carcinoma
47
Keratin pearls Characteristic of biopsy of squamous cell carcinoma
48
1. Pathogenesis 2. Clinical Features **3. Diagnosis** **4. Treatment**
Tinea versicolor is the only tinea infection that is not caused by dermatophytes (which require keratin for growth)
49
Cutaneous candidiasis
50
Tiniea corporis (ringworm) Annular lesions with advancing scaly borders and central clearing Scaly patches over the trunk Dermatophyte infections require keratin for growth
51
Guttate psoriasis Scattered, scaly, erythematous papules or small plaques, typically following an acute streptococcal infection
52
Hypersensitivity reactions 1. Type 2. Immunology 3. Examples
53
Dongenital dermal melanocytosis ("Mongolian spot") Benign, flat, blue-grey patches usually present over the lower back and buttocks. Commonly found in African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American infants and usually fade spontaneously during childhood.
54
Sacral dimple Sacral dimples and hair tufts are stigmata of occult spinal gord malformations
55
Cellulitis
56
Common skin infections (Infection, organism, manifestations) 1. Erysipelas 2. Cellulitis (nonpurulent) 3. Cellulitis (purulent)
57
Usually HSV-2 in adults
58
What malignancy is associated with chronically wounded, scarred, or inflamed skin?
Squamous cell carcinoma
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Basal cell carcinoma
60
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
61
Tinea corporis 1. Risk factors 2. Presentation **3. Treatment**
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1. Clinical presentation 2. Associated conditions 3. Diagnostic testing
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Seborrheic keratosis

U World Step 2 (22 decks)

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