Pregnancy and development

Question 0

Conception through day 16 is called what?

Answer 0

Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

Question 1

What are the four stages of fertilization and pre-embryonic development?

Answer 1

Fertilization (conception)
Cleavage
Implantation
Embryogenesis

Question 2

Uniting of egg and sperm to form a zygote?

Answer 2

Fertilization (conception)

Question 3

This Usually takes place in the uterine tube?

Answer 3

Fertilization

Question 4

When acrosomal enzymes from hundreds of sperm may be needed to clear a path to Zona pellucida?

And one sperm digests its way through the zona pellucida then the head and mid piece enter the egg? This is called

Answer 4

Acrosomal reaction

Question 5

When cortical granules release secretions which form the fertilization membrane and block polyspermy, this is called?

Answer 5

Cortical reaction

Question 6

When chromosomal division of the egg is completed this is called?

Answer 6

Meiosis II

Question 7

Next the haploid set of egg and sperm chromosomes mix into a?

Answer 7

Diploid set

Question 8

Cell divisions that occurs the first three days are called?

Answer 8

Cleavage

Question 9

When does the first cleavage occur?

Answer 9

About 30 hours after fertilization

Question 10

What are the stages of cleavage?

Answer 10

Cell divisions
Morula
Blastocyst

Question 11

Subdivisions from 2 to 4 to 8 etc. cells (blastomeres) is what stage of cleavage?

Answer 11

First stage

Question 12

Ball of 16+ cells that arrives in the uterus 72 hours after fertilization, what stage is this of cleavage?

Answer 12

Morula, which is second stage of cleavage

Question 13

Hollow ball of cells formed by day six Is called blastocyst (100 cells), What stage of cleavage is this?

Answer 13

The third stage

Question 14

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst that becomes the embryo is called?

Answer 14

The embryoblast

Question 15

The outer layer of the blastocyst which is made of squamous cells that becomes part of the placenta is called?

Answer 15

Trophoblast

Question 16

Blastocyst attaches to the endometrium, this is called?

Answer 16

Implantation

Question 17

What are the three steps of implantation?

Answer 17

Trophoblast grows into the endometrium And digests it

The endometrium grows over the blastocyst so it is buried in the endometrium

The trophoblast secretes human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG which stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone.

Question 18

The last phase of fertilization and pre-embryonic development is the arrangement of blastomeres into layers, this is called?

Answer 18

Embryogenesis

Question 19

The layer that will become the inner lining of the digestive tract, etc. is called?

Answer 19

Endoderm

Question 20

The layer that will become muscle, bone, blood, etc. is called?

Answer 20

Mesoderm

Question 21

The layer that will become epidermis and nervous system, etc. is called?

Answer 21

Ectoderm

Question 22

The embryonic stage which is day 16 through the 8th week has three stages these are?

Answer 22

Embryonic folding and organogenesis

Embryonic membranes

Placentation

Question 23

During embryonic folding and organogenesis the flat embryonic disk converts into a cylindrical form which folds into a ___________?

Answer 23

C shape

Question 24

During this stage the lateral sides fold and form the?

Answer 24

Ventral surface forming a tube

Question 25

What will become the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 25

The Neural tube forms

Question 26

During this stage mesoderm segments into somites which will become?

Answer 26

Vertebrae, trunk muscles, and dermis

Question 27

By the end of_____ Weeks, all organ systems are present.

Answer 27

8

Question 28

Fluid filled sac that encloses the embryo to protect it?

Answer 28

Amnion

Question 29

Sack that produces blood cells and future gametes?

Answer 29

Yolk sac

Question 30

Out pocketing of yolk sac which forms the umbilical cord and part of the urinary bladder?

Answer 30

Allantois

Question 31

Outer membrane with villi that becomes part of the placenta?

Answer 31

Chorion

Question 32

Development of placenta or divider?

Answer 32

Placentation

Question 33

In placentation what happens?

Answer 33

The trophoblast extensions or early chorionic villi penetrate deeply into the endometrium and becomes surrounded by spaces Maternal blood-filled the spaces and the spaces formed the placental sinus Blood vessels form in the villi and connect to the embryo by the umbilical cord Nutrients and waste our exchange between blood vessels and sinus

Question 34

Blood passageways that close at birth?

Answer 34

Fetal circulation

Question 35

Carries blood from the internal iliac arteries to the placenta?

Answer 35

Umbilical arteries

Question 36

Carries O2 blood from the placenta toward the liver?

Answer 36

Umbilical vein

Question 37

Carries blood from umbilical vein to IVC

Answer 37

Ductus venosus

Question 38

Carries blood from the right atrium to left atrium?

Answer 38

Foremen ovale

Question 39

Carries blood from Pulmonary trunk to aorta?

Answer 39

Ductus arteriosus

Question 40

What are some maternal changes during fetal development?

Answer 40

Increased tidal volume, blood volume, appetite, globular filtration rate, weight, size of uterus, size of man Mammary glands, and organ displacement

Question 41

What does parturition mean?

Answer 41

Birth

Question 42

The cervix thins and cervical canal dilates?

Answer 42

Dilation stage

Question 43

The fetus is expelled through the vagina?

Answer 43

Expulsion stage

Question 44

The placenta, etc. are expelled by uterine contractions?

Answer 44

Placental stage

Question 45

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterus?

Answer 45

Abruptio placenta

Question 46

Implantation anywhere other than the uterus?

Answer 46

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 47

Blockage of the cervical canal by the placenta?

Answer 47

Placenta previa

Question 48

Hypertension and proteinuria, especially in the third trimester?

Answer 48

Preeclampsia

Question 49

Insulin insensitivity, etc. during pregnancy?

Answer 49

gestational diabetes