Chapter 23 Flashcards
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A substance that is useless to the body is called?
Nitrogenous waste
This Organs function is to filter plasma,excretes wastes, Hormones and drugs
It also regulates blood Volume, pressure, and osmolality by regulating water output
It regulates electrolyte acid-base balance
And it secretes Erythrpoietin to control red blood cell count
This organ is called?
The kidneys
This is a byproduct of protein Catabolism?
Urea
This is a byproduct of nucleic acid catabolism?
Uric acid
This is a byproduct of creatine phosphate catabolism?
Creatinine
Where is the kidney located?
Against the posterior abdominal wall at the level of T12 – L3 and
Retroperitoneal (which means posterior to the peritoneum)
What are the three layers of the kidney?
The renal Facia
Perirenal fat capsule
Fibrous capsule
This layer is Fibrous tissue that binds the kidney to the abdominal wall?
Renal fascia
This layer cushions the kidney and holds it in place?
Perirenal fat capsule
Encloses the renal parenchyma and protects it?
Fibrous capsule (outer layer)
What is the name of Glandular tissue that forms urine?
Renal parenchyma
The medial cavity occupied by blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, and urine collecting structures is called?
Renal sinus
What is the name of the outer zone or layer of the renal parenchyma?
The renal cortex
What is the name of the inner zone or layer of the renal parenchyma?
Renal Medulla
What are extensions of the renal cortex that divide the renal medulla and contain blood vessels called?
Renal columns
What are the tissues that contain urine producing structures called?
Renal pyramids
The blunt point of the renal pyramid where urine drains?
Renal Papilla
Cup that collects the urine from the pyramid?
Minor calyx
Convergence of minor calyces forming a urine passageway?
Major calyx
Convergence of major calyces forming funnel like drain for urine?
Renal pelvis
Renal circulation
Of the arteries?
Renal artery> Segmental artery > Interlobar artery> arcuate artery > Cortical radiate artery
These arise from the cortical radiate artery and supply blood to nephrons?
Afferent arterioles
Ball of capillaries that filters plasma and produces filtrate?
Glomerulus
The way blood leaves the glomerulus?
Efferent arteriole
Network around renal tubule’s, reabsorb water and solutes filtered out of the blood by the glomerulus?
Peritubular capillaries
Arise from an efferent arteriole and run parallel to nephron loops in the renal medulla, pick up H2O and solutes?
Vasa recta
Renal circulation of the veins?
Cortical radiate vein > Arcuate vein > Interlobar vein > Renal vein
This carries out the processes that form urine (1.2 million/ kidney)?
Nephron
This filters blood plasma?
Renal corpuscle
Filters plasma and produces filtrate?
Glomerulus
Encloses glomerulus and collects filtrate (plasma on the other side)?
Glomerular capsule
Cells that wrap around The glomerulus?
Podocytes
Converts filtrate to urine?
Renal tubule
This is a duct that leads away from glomerular capsule?
Renal tubule
See notes for renal tubes proximal convoluted tubule pathway…….
.
Where are cortical nephrons located?
Just Beneath the renal capsule
What type of nephrons have long nephrons loops that begin Close to the medulla and extend to the pyramid apex?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
What are the four processes of urine formation?
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Water conservation
Water and some solutes in the blood pass from the capillaries to the capsular space Of the nephron?
Glomerular filtration
When Useful solutes and water from filtrate are returned to the blood?
Tubular reabsorption
Wastes from the blood are added to the filtrate?
Tubular secretion
Water from the urine is returned to the blood?
Water conservation
Fluid passes through three barriers that constitute a filtration membrane what are they?
Glomerular capillary endothelium
Basement membrane
Filtration slits
Fenestrated with large filtration pores?
Glomerular Capillary endothelium
Holds back most large molecules?
Basement membrane
Pedicles of podocytes interdigitate holding back large anions?
Filtration slits
When there is protein in the urine this is called?
Proteinuria
When there is blood in the urine this is called?
Hematuria
What are three filtration pressures?
Blood hydrostatic pressure
Capsular pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure