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Anatomy and Physiology II > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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0
Q

83% of the brain’s volume and consists of two half globes called cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebrum

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1
Q

What are the three major landmarks of the brain?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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2
Q

Name four parts of the cerebrum

A

Gyri
Sulci
Longitudinal fissure
Corpus callosum

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3
Q

What are the thick folds of the cerebrum called?

A

Gyri

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4
Q

What are the shallow grooves of the cerebrum called?

A

Sulci

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5
Q

What is the deep groove that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum called?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

What is the thick bundle of nerves fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebrum called?

A

Corpus callosum

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7
Q

This occupies posterior cranial fossa inferior to the cerebrum

A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

The deep grooves that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum, it’s called?

A

Transverse cerebral Fissure

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9
Q

What is left of the brain?

A

The brainstem

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10
Q

Surface layer over the cerebrum and cerebellum is called?

A

Cortex

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11
Q

The deeper masses of gray matter surrounded by white matter called?

A

Nuclei

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12
Q

Bundles of axons which connect the parts of the brain and connect to the spinal cord or called?

A

Tracts

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13
Q

During what week of embryonic development does the neural plate which gives rise to neurons and glial cells sink and form A neural groove with raised neural folds?

A

The third week

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14
Q

By what week of embryonic development does the neural folds fuse creating a hollow neural Tube which exhibits three dialations?

A

The fourth week

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15
Q

The three dialations will subdivide by what week of embryonic development?

A

The fifth week

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16
Q

What protects the brain and provides a framework for its arteries and veins?

A

The meninges

17
Q

The spaces between the Dura matter layers that collect blood are called?

A

Dural sinuses

18
Q

Dura fold that extends into the longitudinal fissure is called?

A

Falx cerebri

19
Q

Dura fold that separates the cerebellum and cerebrum is called?

A

Tentorium cerebella

20
Q

Duro fold that separates the right and left halves of the cerebellum?

A

Falx cerebella

21
Q

What are the internal chambers in the brain called?

A

Ventricles

22
Q

What is the clear colorless liquid that fills the ventricles etc. and bathes the external surface of the brain called?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

23
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced from__________ ____________ filtered through the choroid plexus, then modified by
_________ __________.

A

Blood plasma

Ependymal cells

24
Q

CSF flows from choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle > through _____________ ____________ >____ ventricle >
_____________ _____________ to fourth ventricle > through apertures >_______________ ______________ > arachnoid granulations > dural _________ _________

A 
Intraventricular foramina
Third
Cerebral aqueduct
Subarachnoid space
Venous sinuses
25
Q

What are the purposes of the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Buoyancy, protection and chemical stability

26
Q

Blood supply must be constant because _________ have a high demand for _____, thus a high demand for glucose and ______.

A

Neurons
ATP
O2

27
Q

Blood is a source of _____________ ____________ and other harmful agents.

A

Bacterial toxins

28
Q

What does the brain barrier system regulate?

A

What can enter the tissue fluid of the brain

29
Q

All nerve fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord pass through the what?

30
Q

The medulla contains networks of ___________ and __________ functions and contains center for life-sustaining functions like what?

A

Sensory and motor

Heart rate, respirations, blood pressure

31
Q

What contains the continuation of reticular formation and several tracts?

32
Q

The reticular formation portion of the pons contains nuclei involved in what?

A

Sleep, respiration and posture

33
Q

Function in visual attention, visual tracking and blinking

A

Superior colliculi

34
Q

Receive signals from the inner ear and relay them, mediate head turning reflex to sound and the jump when startled

A

Inferior colliculi

35
Q

Stalks that anchor the cerebrum to the brainstem are called?

A

Cerebral peduncles

36
Q

Fibers that go to and from the cerebellum to collaborate in fine motor control are called?

A

Red nucleus

37
Q

The motor center that relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus to prevent unwanted body movement are called?

A

Substantia nigra

38
Q

Involved with controlling the awareness of pain.

A

Central Grey matter

39
Q

Gray matter that runs through the brainstem is called?

A

The reticular formation

40
Q

The reticular formation consists of neural networks which function in four things name them.

A

Somatic Motor control which includes muscle tone, balance, posture,integration of signals from the eyes and ears.

Anatomy and Physiology II (18 decks)

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