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Anatomy and Physiology II > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

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0
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between blood and air
Speech and other vocalizations
Smell
Controls the pH of body fluids
Helps synthesize angiotensin II
Thoracic pump promotes the flow of Lymph and venous blood
Valsalva maneuver – breath holding to expel abdominal and pelvic contents

A

Functions of the respiratory system

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1
Q

Ventilation of lungs (breathing)

Use of oxygen in cellular metabolism

A

Respiration

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2
Q

It warms, Cleanses, and humidifies inhaled air; amplifies the voice; detects odors.

A

Functions of the nose

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3
Q

Main Parts of the nose

A

Nostrils
Posterior nasal apertures (choanae)
Nasal cavity

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4
Q

A pair of anterior openings

A

Nostrils

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5
Q

A pair of posterior openings

A

Posterior nasal aperture’s (choanae)

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6
Q

Space that is divided in half by the nasal septum, internal chambers of nose

A

Nasal cavity

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7
Q

There are six parts that make up the nasal cavity what are they?

A 
Nasal septum
Palate
Conchae
Meatuses
Olfactory Mucosa
Respiratory mucosa
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8
Q

This is made up of bone and cartilage dividing nasal cavity into left and right, what is it?

A

Nasal septum

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9
Q

Separates nasal cavity from the oral cavity, what is it?

A

Palate

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10
Q

These are folds of tissue the project from the lateral walls, what are they called?

A

Conchae

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11
Q

Narrow air passages beneath each Conchae, What are they called?

A

Meatuses

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12
Q

Sensory cells that detect odors

A

Olfactory mucosa

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13
Q

This is made up of Ciliated epithelium and goblet cells, this is called?

A

Respiratory mucosa

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14
Q

Paranasal sinuses and __________ ___________ drain into the nasal cavity.

A

Lacrimal ducts

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15
Q

This has stiff guard hairs that block insects and debris from entering, what is it?

A

The vestibule

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16
Q

Muscular funnel which passes air, food and drinks through is called what?

A

The pharynx

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17
Q

There are three parts of the pharynx what are they?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngo-pharynx

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18
Q

Posterior to choanae to the soft palate is called what?

A

Nasopharynx

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19
Q

Soft palate to the epiglottis is called what?

A

Oropharynx

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20
Q

Epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage is called what?

A

Laryngo-pharynx

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21
Q

This keeps food and drink out of airway in produces sound what is it?

A

Larynx (voice box)

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22
Q

There are four structures that make up The larynx, what are they?

A

Epiglottis
Vestibular folds
Cartilages
Glottis

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23
Q

This closes the airway and directs food and drink into the esophagus, it is called?

A

The epiglottis

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24
Q

These keep food and drink out of the airway, they are called?

A

Vestibular folds

25
Q

Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages are all?

A

Cartilages of the larynx

26
Q

Vocal cords and the opening between them are called?

A

Glottis

27
Q

What produces Sound when Air passes between them?

A

Vocal cords

28
Q

What is the rigid tube that directs air to the lungs?

A

Trachea (windpipe)

29
Q

Supported by 16 to 20 C shaped Cartilaginous rings that reinforce the trachea and keep it from collapsing when you inhale

A

Trachea

30
Q

Smooth muscle that contracts or relaxes to adjust airflow is called?

A

Trachealis

31
Q

Mucus traps particles and cilia drives mucus toward the pharynx

A

Mucociliary escalator

32
Q

Lower most tracheal cartilage that directs the airflow to the lungs?

A

Carina

33
Q

The base of this organ rests on the diaphragm, what is it?

A

The lung

34
Q

The apex of this organ projects above the clavicle, It is?

A

The lungs

35
Q

The broad surface of the lung pressed against the rib cage?

A

Coastal surface

36
Q

Surface of the lung that faces medially?

A

Mediastinal surface

37
Q

The slit through which bronchus, blood vessels, LV and nerves pass

A

Hilum

38
Q

Indentation where the heart presses against the lung?

A

Cardiac impression (notch)

39
Q

This organ is divided into lobes

A

The lungs

40
Q

What is the branched system of air tubes arising from the fork in the trachea?

A

Bronchial tree conduction division

41
Q

the main bronchi - the lobar bronchi-Segmental bronchi -Bronchioles - Terminal bronchioles

A

The branches of the bronchial tree

42
Q

These have elastic connective tissue, smooth muscle and cartilage what are they?

A

Bronchi

43
Q

Structures with alveoli?

A

Respiratory division

44
Q

Respiratory bronchioles - Alveolar ducts - Alveolar sacs - Alveoli

A

Branches of the respiratory division

45
Q

Little sac that provides surface for gas exchange?

A

Alveolus

46
Q

Allows for rapid gas diffusion between air and blood?

A

Squamous alveolar cells

47
Q

Repairs alveolar epithelium and secretes pulmonary surfactant which prevents alveoli from collapsing when one exhales?

A

Great alveolar cells

48
Q

Keep alveoli free of debris?

A

Alveolar macrophages

49
Q

Barrier between alveolar air and blood, consisting of alveolar cell, basement membrane, and endothelial cell?

A

Respiratory membrane

50
Q

Serous membrane covering the surface of the lung?

A

Visceral Pleura

51
Q

Serous membrane adhering to the inner surface of the rib cage and superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Parietal pleura

52
Q

Space between the pleura containing pleural fluid to stop friction of lungs?

A

Pleural cavity

53
Q

These reduce friction, create a pressure gradient, and compartmentalize?

A

The pleurae and pleural fluid

54
Q

A repetitive cycle of inspiration and expiration?

A

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

55
Q

When the diaphragm contracts it does what?

A

Tenses and flattens

56
Q

Next this enlarges the thoracic cavity and lungs and does what to the pressure producing an inflow of air?

A

Lowers the pressure

57
Q

When the diaphragm relaxes, it does what?

A

It bulges upward again

58
Q

How do the internal and external intercostal muscles aid the diaphragm?

A

By raising the rib cage

59
Q

What do the scalene’s, pectoralis muscles, sternocleidomastoid and serratus anterior do to the ribs during forced inspiration?

A

They elevate the ribs

Anatomy and Physiology II (18 decks)

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