Prefinal - Sleep 1 Flashcards
Has come to be considered an altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception and reaction to the environment are decreased
Sleep
It exists in plants, animals, and humans. These are controlled from within the body and synchronized with environmental factors, such as light and darkness.
Biological Rhythms
Refers to the basic organization of normal sleep.
Sleep Architecture
2 Types of Sleep:
NREM Sleep
REM Sleep
Is a genetic disorder of neurodevelopment that results in cognitive changes. They also experience alterations in sleep patterns.
Williams Syndrome
NREM Sleep
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
This type of sleep occurs when activity in the RAS is inhibited.
NREM Sleep
Very light sleep and only lasts a few minutes. The individual feels drowsy and relaxed. The eyes roll from side to side. The heart and respiratory rates drop slightly. The sleeper can be readily awakened and may deny that they were sleeping.
NREM Stage 1
Is the stage of sleep during which body processes continue to slow down. The eyes are generally still, and the heart and respiratory rates decrease slightly. Body temperature lowers.
NREM Stage 2
Is the deepest stage of sleep. It is also called deep sleep or delta sleep. The sleeper is difficult to rouse.
NREM Stage 3
This type of sleep usually recurs about every 90 minutes and lasts 5 - 30 minutes. This is where most dreams take place. It is also called paradoxical sleep.
REM Sleep
Initially presents as agitation, confusion, or combative behavior
Delirium
Is hypoactive with inattention and disorganized thoughts
Secondary Delirium
Are known as wet dreams
Nocturnal Emissions
Refers to a pattern of symptoms (agitation, anxiety, aggression, delusions) that occur late in the afternoon
Sundown Syndrome
Is a subjective characteristic and is often determined by whether an individual wakes up feeling energetic or not
Sleep Quality
Is the total time the individual sleeps
Sleep Quantity
Factors Affecting Sleep
Illness
Environment
Lifestyle
Emotional Stress
Stimulants and Alcohol
Diet
Smoking
Motivation
Medications
Common Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Hypersomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea
Insufficient Sleep
Is described as the inability to fall asleep or remain asleep. It is the most common sleep complaint in America.
Insomnia
Refers to conditions where the affected individual obtains sufficient sleep at night but still cannot stay awake during the day
Hypersomnia
Is a disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness caused by the lack of the chemical hypocretin in the area of the CNS that regulates sleep.
Narcolepsy
Is characterized by frequent short breathing pauses during sleep.
Sleep Apnea
Types of Sleep Apnea
Obstructive
Central
Mixed
A type of apnea that occurs when the structures of the pharynx or oral cavity block the flow of air
Obstructive Apnea
A type of apnea that Is thought to involve a defect in the respiratory center of the brain
Central Apnea
Is a behavior that may interfere with sleep and may even occur during sleep. It is characterized by physical events such as movements or experiences that are displayed as emotions, perceptions, or dreams
Parasomnia
Clenching and grinding of teeth
Bruxism
Bed-wetting
Enuresis
The legs jerk twice or three times per minute during sleep
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD)
Talking during sleep
Sleeptalking
Walking during sleep. Occurs during Stage 3 of NREM sleep
Sleepwalking
Is the method of measuring sleep objectively. It involves an electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and electro-oculogram (EOG)
Polysomnography
Governs sleep, it controls the sleep-wake cycle
Reticulating Activating System
As RAS increases, ___ decreases.
melatonin
Latin for “about a day”
Circa Dies
The stage of sleep where hormones like growth hormone are released
Stage 3 NREM Sleep
Is present in milk to induce sleep
L-tryptophan
Nursing diagnosis for lack of sleep
Disturbed Sleep Pattern
