Prefinal - Meeting Nutritional Needs

Question 1

___ is the process by which the body metabolizes and utilizes nutrients.

Answer 1

Nutrition

Question 2

___ is the science of food and nutrients and it includes the process of utilizing it by humans.

Answer 2

Nutrition

Question 3

___ are classified as energy nutrients, organic nutrients, and inorganic nutrients.



Answer 3

Nutrients

Question 4

___ are defined as the constituents of food, which perform important functions in our body.

Answer 4

Nutrients

Question 5

If these nutrients are not present in our body in sufficient amounts, the result is ill health. Important nutrients include ___



Answer 5

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals & water.

Question 6

Energy nutrients release energy for the maintenance of ___.

Answer 6

homeostasis

Question 7

The energy nutrients are carbohydrates, protein, and fats, with carbohydrates being the most important source. The body can use protein and fats for energy when carbohydrates have been depleted.



Question 8

___ nutrients build and maintain body tissues and regulate body processes.

Answer 8

Organic

Question 9

Organic Nutrients

Answer 9

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins

Question 10

___ nutrients provide a medium for chemical reactions, transporting materials, maintaining body temperature, promoting bone formation, and conducting nerve impulses.

Answer 10

Inorganic

Question 11

___ nutrients are distinguished as being stored in the body. These nutrients are iron, calcium, and phosphate.



Answer 11

Inorganic

Question 12

IMPORTANCE-

Answer 12

Supplies nutrients for energy. Energy nutrients include carbohydrates, fats,& proteins.

Supplies nutrients to build & maintain body tissues. Food supplies heat & energy for work & play.

Food supplies materials for regulation or control of body process & protection of the body.
It gives a feeling of security.

Question 13

FACTOR AFFECTING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS

Answer 13

Physical, and mental fatigue.
Hurry, worry & fear.
Unpleasant environment & experiences.
Lack of exercise.
Irregular meals.
Long spacing of meal timings.
Hospitalization.
Physiological factors
Social factors

Question 14

it is the measurement of body height, weight, length & head circumference.

Answer 14

Anthropometry measurement

Question 15

Clinical Methods Of Assessing Nutritional Status- clinical methods of assessing nutritional status involve checking signs of deficiency at specific places on the body or asking the patient whether they have any symptoms that might suggest nutrient deficiency including.

Question 16

is measured at the back of the left arm, midway between the acromial process of the scapula and the olecranon process of the ulna.

Answer 16

The triceps skinfold

Question 17

For adults, the standard normal values for triceps skinfolds are 2.5mm (men) or about 20% fat; and 18.0mm (women) or about 30% fat.

Question 18

Signs of poor nutrition
Hair: thin, coarse, lacking luster, breaks easily.
Skin: excessive bruising, bleeding, pressure sores, poor wound healing.
Muscles wasting, lack of growth
Skeletal: poor posture, painful joints, bowed legs, increase in bone fracture
Mental: confusion, motor weakness



Question 19

Dietary history
24-hour recall method

Anthropometric measurements
- Height and weight

Food frequency questionnaire - BMI: 18.5-24.5

Food diary

Household food consumption
- Body composition

Triceps skin fold measurement

Mid-arm circumference

Question 20

Pale palm & conjunctiva or gets tired easily, loss of appetite indicates anemia, deficiency of iron, folic, etc.

Question 21

( whitish patchy triangular lesions on the side of the eyes) indicates vitamin A deficiency.

Answer 21

Bitot’s spot

Question 22

(swelling on the front of the neck) indicates iodine deficiency disorder.

Answer 22

Goiter

Question 23

indicates protein deficiency.

Answer 23

PEM (PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION)

Question 24

can be used to detect the deficiency by analyzing blood, urine, and stool. For eg. the Estimation of hemoglobin in blood to detect iron deficiency.



Answer 24

BIOCHEMICAL TEST-

Question 25

Diet in disease must be planned as part of the complete care of the patient. Many
modifications may have to be made according to the disease and condition of the patient.

Answer 25

THERAPEUTIC DIET

Question 26

OBJECTIVE- of Therapeutic Diet
* To improve the general health
* To promote healing
* To prevent dehydration
To facilitate tissue repair & growth.

Question 27

PRINCIPALS-
The diet must be planned according to the habits of the patient based on culture, religion, socioeconomic status, and personal preference.

Question 28

As far as possible, changes in the diet should be brought gradually and adequate explanations should be given for the changes made, if any.

Whatever diet is prescribed, there should be a variety of selection



Question 29

it is a regular well-balanced diet. It’s vegetarian or nonvegetarian, this is for patients who do not have any special modification.

Answer 29

FULL DIET

Question 30

it is given to provide light and easily digestible food.

Answer 30

SOFT DIET

Question 31

a bland diet consisting of foods that are generally soft low in dietary fiber, cooked & not spicy, the food is easily digestible, free from substances that might cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, and used mainly for patients with gastrointestinal problems.

Answer 31

BLAND DIET

Question 32

This carbohydrate-controlled diet will help you keep your blood sugars as stable as possible. Whether you have Type 1 or Type II Diabetes Mellitus, eating too many carbohydrates can cause your blood sugars to rise too high.

Answer 32

DIABETIC DIET

Question 33

An acronym for “Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension.” This diet helps lower blood pressure by reducing sodium intake and increasing vitamins and minerals.

Answer 33

DASH DIET

Question 34

This diet is very low in carbohydrates, which forces the body to turn to another source of energy. Ketosis occurs when the body breaks down stored fat into ketone bodies to use as fuel.

Answer 34

KETOGENIC DIET

Question 35

Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and some oats. Eating gluten-containing foods causes inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining, leading to malabsorption and poor health.

Answer 35

GLUTEN-FREE DIET

Question 36

High levels of nutrients in the body can cause toxicity if not filtered out the right way. Because of this, nutrients like protein, potassium, and phosphorus need to be closely monitored through dietary changes for kidney disease.

Answer 36

RENAL DIET

Question 37

Living with either a food allergy or food intolerance takes some meal planning to ensure you are still getting adequate nutrition through other foods you are eating.

Answer 37

FOOD ALLERGY DIET

Question 38

This diet helps to determine the cause of digestive problems like irritable bowel syndrome and small bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

Answer 38

LOW FODMAP DIET

Question 39

Food rich in fiber helps with digestion and prevents diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome, hemorrhoids, and colon cancer.

Answer 39

HIGH-FIBER DIET

Question 40

Means “within or by means of the gastrointestinal tract.”
Oral
Tube feedings

Answer 40

• Enteral

Question 41

Uses the veins
Persons with inadequate GI function

Answer 41

Parenteral

Question 42

The delivery of nutrients by
tube into the gastrointestinal tract, commonly known as tube feeding.

Answer 42

• Enteral nutrition:

Question 43

The delivery of nutrients by vein.



Answer 43

• Parenteral Nutrition: Parenteral nutrition:

Question 44

Type of tube feeding:

Answer 44

Blended (blended regular food,)
Elemental(low residue diet, lactose free, ready to absorb)
Nonelemental ( low residue with fiber, may contain lactose)
Specific nutrient modular( supply single nutrients, good for diet manipulation
Disease-specific formula (those who have problems in metabolism or oral esophagus)

Question 45

(blended regular food,)

Answer 45

Blended

Question 46

(low residue diet, lactose free, ready to absorb)

Answer 46

Elemental

Question 47

( low residue with fiber, may contain lactose)

Answer 47

Nonelemental

Question 48

( supply single nutrients, good for diet manipulation

Answer 48

Specific nutrient modular

Question 49

(those who have problems in metabolism or oral esophagus)

Answer 49

Disease-specific formula

Question 50

Gastrointestinal intubation deals with the insertion of a rubber or plastic tube into the stomach, duodenum, or small intestine.

Answer 50

Nasogastric tube

Question 51

Types of Tubes

Answer 51

• Short tubes: passed through the nose into the stomach
• Medium Tubes: tubes are passed through the nose to the duodenum and the jejunum. Used for feeding
• Long tubes: passed through the nose, through the esophagus and stomach into the intestines. Used for decompression of the intestines

Question 52

passed through the nose into the stomach

Answer 52

• Short tubes:

Question 53

tubes are passed through the nose to the duodenum and the jejunum. Used for feeding

Answer 53

• Medium Tubes:

Question 54

passed through the nose, through the esophagus and stomach into the intestines. Used for decompression of the intestines

Answer 54

• Long tubes:

Question 55

Indications for GI Intubation
- To decompress the stomach and remove gas and liquids
- To lavage the stomach and remove ingested toxins
- To administer medications and feeds
- As part of the management of an obstruction
- As part of the management of hematemesis
- To aspirate gastric contents for analysis

Question 56

Complications
Clogged/Blocked Tube- most common
Dumping Syndrome: solution with high osmolality- water moves into the stomach and intestines from the fluid surrounding the organs and vascular system causing dehydration, hypotension, and tachycardia
Aspiration: ensure the head of the bed is elevated at least 30 degrees while feeds are being administered

Question 57

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
A Gastrostomy Tube (G-tube) is either a tube or button (skin-level device) placed into the stomach through the abdominal (belly) wall. PEG feeding tubes are increasingly used for long-term Enteral nutrition.