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NCM136/RLE106 > Prefinal - Elimination: Fecal 1 > Flashcards

Prefinal - Elimination: Fecal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

also called bowel movement, it is the act of eliminating solid or semisolid waste materials/ feces from the digestive tract.

A

Defecation

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2
Q

Composition of feces

A
  1. Water

2. Protein

  1. Fat
  2. Carbohydrate
  3. Fiber
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3
Q

___% - ___% of stools are water.
All the water drank by an individual is completely absorbed in the small and large intestine.

A

65-85%

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4
Q

___% of all fat consumed is absorbed in the small intestine. Fats in excess of ___% in stool are abnormal. (Steatorrhea.)

A

95%

6%

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5
Q

Simple and complex carbohydrates - sugar and starches in the diet. They are completely absorbed in the small intestine and assimilated in blood as ___, ___, and ___

A

glucose, fructose, or galactose.

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6
Q

is completely indigestible and gives volume and bulk to stools.

A
  1. Fiber
    .Fiber
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7
Q

Color of Feces:

You ate greens OR it’s passing too fast

A

Super Green

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8
Q

Color of Feces:

Okay!

A

A Little Green

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9
Q

Color of Feces:

You ate Licorice, iron supplements or bismuth medication OR bleeding in the upper intestinal tract

A

Black

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10
Q

Color of Feces:

Your Bile duct may be blocked

A

Pale, White, Clay-colored

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11
Q

Color of Feces:

You ate red things OR hemorrhoids OR bleeding in the lower intestine

A

Red

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12
Q

Color of Feces:

You’re Good!

A

Any Shade of Brown

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13
Q

Color of Feces:

Too much fat, malabsorption, celiac disease on your diet



A

Yellow

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14
Q

Normal shape:

A

Cylindrical, about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter in adults

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15
Q

Normal Consistency

A

Formed, soft, semisolid, moist

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16
Q

Type 1

A

Separate hard lumps SEVERE CONSTIPATION

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17
Q

Type 2

A

Lumpy and sausage-like MILD CONSTIPATION

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18
Q

Type 3

A

A sausage shape with cracks in the surface NORMAL

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19
Q

Type 4

A

Like a smooth, soft sausage or snake NORMAL

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20
Q

Type 5

A

Soft blobs with clear-cut edges LACKING FIBRE

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21
Q

Type 6

A

Mushy consistency with ragged edges MILD DIARRHEA

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22
Q

Type 7

A

Liquid consistency with no solid pieces SEVERE DIARRHEA

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23
Q

is a medical aid designed to classify faeces into seven groups. This chart is used by medical professionals, however it is a great tool for anyone wanting to monitor and improve their bowel movements

A

Bristol Stool Chart

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24
Q

Normal amount:

A

Varies with diet (About 100 to 400 g per day)

25
Q

Normal odor:

A

Aromatic, affected by ingested food and the person’s own bacterial flora

26
Q

Abnormal odor:

A

Pungent (sharply strong) Infection, blood

27
Q

Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination:

A

Age
Diet
Fluid Intake
Emotional Stress
Position
Physical Activity
Personal Habits
Presence of discomfort or pain
Pregnancy
Medications

28
Q

As we age, this metabolism slows down, and this can cause food to move slowly through the colon. When things slow down, more water gets absorbed from food waste, which can cause constipation.

A
  1. Age
29
Q

Fiber is essential in any diet because it adds bulk. It also makes it easier for feces to pass through the intestines.

A
  1. Diet
30
Q

Increasing water intake can help a person have more regular bowel movements and reduce
symptoms in elimination.

A
  1. Fluid Intake
31
Q

Stress increases peristalsis resulting in diarrhea and abdominal distention.

A
  1. Emotional Stress
32
Q

The best position for bowel elimination is squatting. This position encourages the pelvic floor to relax.

A
  1. Position
33
Q

The higher the activity the lower the person will manifest constipation.

A
  1. Physical Activity
34
Q

A person may be hesitant to move their bowel due to the presence of hemorrhoids or have undergone rectal surgeries or abdominal surgeries.

A
  1. Presence of discomfort or pain
35
Q

The fetus is lying on the mother’s GI Tract which affects peristalsis by slowing the movement and constipation results.

A
  1. Pregnancy
36
Q

Laxative overuse can decrease muscle tone and can cause LBM.

A
  1. Medications
37
Q

Common Alterations in Bowel Elimination:

A

Constipation
Fecal Impaction
Flatulence
Diarrhea
Fecal Incontinence

38
Q

The best position for bowel elimination is ___. This position encourages the pelvic floor to relax.

A

squatting

39
Q

The best exercise for bowel movement is ___

A

ambulation

40
Q

is an elimination problem characterized by dry, hard stool that is difficult to pass. Various accompanying signs and symptoms include the following:
o Complaints of abdominal fullness or bloating
o Abdominal distention
* Complaints of rectal fullness or pressure
o Pain on defecation
o Decreased frequency of bowel movements o Inability to pass stool
o Changes in stool characteristics such as hard small stool

A

Constipation

41
Q

Four types of constipation:

A

Primary or simple
Secondary
Iatrogenic
Pseudoconstipation

42
Q

results from lifestyle factors such as inactivity, inadequate intake of fiber, insufficient fluid intake, or ignoring the urge to defecate

A

Primary or simple constipation

43
Q

is a consequence of a pathologic disorder such as a partial bowel obstruction. It usually resolves when the primary cause is treated.

A

Secondary constipation

44
Q

occurs as a consequence of other medical treatments. For example, prolonged use of narcotic analgesia tends to cause constipation.

A

latrogenic constipation

45
Q

referred to as perceived constipation, is a term used when clients believe themselves to be constipated even though they are not.

A

Pseudoconstipation,

46
Q

Constipation for the Prevention & management of Constipation

A
  • Adequate intake of diet & fluid
  • Adequate intake of fiber/roughage in diet
  • Establishing a habit pattern
  • Relaxation
  • Privacy
  • Posture
  • Exercise
  • Use of laxatives, suppositories & enemas
47
Q

Hardened stool that is stuck in the rectum or lower colon due to chronic
constipation. It occurs in people who’ve been constipated for a long time.

A

2. FECAL IMPACTION

48
Q

Management for fecal impaction:

A
  • Laxatives
  • Enema
  • Manual removal of stool (digital evacuation)
49
Q

otherwise known as the manual removal of stool

A

(digital evacuation)

50
Q

(excessive accumulation of intestinal gas) results from swallowing air while
eating.

A

3. FLATULENCE

51
Q

is the urgent passage of watery stool and commonly is accompanied by abdominal cramping. Simple diarrhea usually begins suddenly and lasts for a short period.

A

4. DIARRHEA

52
Q

Usually, diarrhea is a means of eliminating an irritating substance such as ___

A

tainted food or intestinal pathogens.

53
Q

Diarrhea Management



A
  • Replacement of fluid & electrolyte
  • Avoid spicy & allergic food
  • Make arrangements for the use of a bedpan or commode
  • Care of skin
  • Adequate rest
  • Psychological support
  • Medication like antidiarrhoeal
54
Q

is the inability to control the elimination of stool.



A
  1. FECAL INCONTINENCE
55
Q

Manual Extraction (Digital Evacuation)
◇ If a person is thought to have a fecal impaction, the nurse will perform a digital examination.
◇ During the digital examination, a finger is inserted into the person’s rectum to feel for the impacted mass (digital means “finger”).



A
56
Q

is an introduction of fluid into the lower bowel through the rectum for cleansing or to introduce medication or nourishment



A

Enema

57
Q

Purpose of Enema:

A

To stimulate defecation & treat constipation ex: a simple evacuant enema
To administer medication ex: sedative enema
To protect and soothe the mucus membrane of the intestine & to check diarrhoea ex: emollient enema
To soften hard fecal matter ex: an oil enema
To destroy intestinal parasites ex: anthelmintic enema
To relieve the gaseous distention ex: carminative enema
To administer the fluid and nutrients ex: nutritive enema
To relieve inflammation ex: astringent enema
To induce peristalsis ex: purgative enema
To stimulate a person in shock and collapse ex: a stimulant enema
To make diagnosis ex: barium enema
To clean the bowels prior to x-rav studies, visualization of the bowel, surgery on the bowel, or delivery of a baby ex: saline enema
* To establish regular bowel functions during a bowel training program
To induce anesthesia ex: an anesthetic enema
To reduce the temperature ex: cold enema or ice enema

58
Q

Classification of Enema:

A

Evacuant Enema
Retained Enema

59
Q
A

NCM136/RLE106 (27 decks)

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