Evidence-based Practice and Research in Nursing

Question 1

Occurs when the nurse can “integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal healthcare”

Answer 1

Evidence-based Practice

Question 2

Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2019 model:

Answer 2

Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
Nurses need to be curious and willing to investigate

Ask clinical questions
Nurses should state questions in a standard format such as PICOT

Search for the best evidence
Key terms are identified that facilitate identifying relevant evidence

Critically appraise the evidence
Toolkits or schema are available to assist the nurse in determining the best evidence

Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and client/family preferences and values
Evidence shouldn’t be immediately applied to the care of clients,

Implement and evaluate the outcomes of the intervention
Nurse gathers all relevant data

Disseminate the outcomes
Nurses need to share the results of their work with others

Question 3

Entails using formal and systematic processes to solve problems and answer questions

Answer 3

Research

Question 4

Concerns about sole reliance on research for EBP:

Answer 4

Research is done under controlled circumstances.
Research evidence suggests that there is one best solution to a problem for all clients.
Research may ignore the significance of life events to the individual.
Not all published research is robust and flawless.
EBP should promote cost-effective care, but cost is often excluded in traditional research studies.

Question 5

Entails the systematic collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of numerical data.
Characterized by planned and fixed study processes, careful attention to extraneous variables, and distance between researcher and subject

Answer 5

Quantitative Research

Question 6

Any variables that could influence the results of the study other than the specific variables being studied for their influence

Answer 6

Extraneous variables

Question 7

Reports of ___ research are characterized by statistical information, tables, and graphs.

Answer 7

quantitative

Question 8

Maintains that “truth” is absolute and can be discovered by careful measurement

Answer 8

Logical positivism

Question 9

Is the systematic collection and the thematic analysis of narrative data
Analyzes words rather than numbers
Rooted in naturalism

Answer 9

Qualitative research

Question 10

Otherwise known as constructivism, it maintains that reality is relative or contextual and constructed by individuals who are experiencing a phenomenon

Answer 10

Naturalism

Question 11

Three Qualitative traditions:

Answer 11

Phenomenology
Ethnography
Focuses on cultural patterns of thoughts and behaviors
Grounded theory
Focuses on social processes

Question 12

Is a method in which decisions are made that result in a detailed plan or proposal for a study, as well as the implementation of the plan

Answer 12

Research Process

Question 13

PICO

Answer 13

P
Patient, population, participant, or problem

I
Intervention

C
Comparison of interventions

O
Outcome

Question 14

Focuses on lived experiences

Answer 14

Phenomenology

Question 15

Focuses on cultural patterns of thoughts and behaviors

Answer 15

Ethnography

Question 16

Focuses on social processes

Answer 16

Grounded theory

Question 17

Is a behavior, characteristic, or outcome that the researcher wishes to explain or predict

Answer 17

Dependent variable

Question 18

Is the presumed cause of or influence on the dependent variable

Answer 18

Independent variable

Question 19

A predictive statement about the relationship between two or more variables

Answer 19

Hypothesis

Question 20

Refers to the overall structure of a study

Answer 20

Research design

Question 21

Two major types of research design:

Answer 21

Experimental design
Nonexperimental design

Question 22

Sources of information for a study

Answer 22

Sample

Question 23

Where the study’s findings can be applied

Answer 23

Target population

Question 24

Rehearsing the study before the actual study begins

Answer 24

Pilot study

Question 25

The researcher controls the independent variable by administering experimental design on some participants but withholds it from others

Answer 25

Experimental design

Question 26

there is no manipulation of the independent variable

Answer 26

Nonexperimental design