Health Beliefs and Practices Flashcards
is an important component of nursing practice. It revolves around wholeness,
wellness, and well-being.
Health promotion
attain, maintain, or regain an optimal level of health
each individual is unique (a combination of genetics, life experiences, and environmental interactions)
Nurses have to consider taking care of the client totally and as an individual
CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUALITY
concerned with the individual as a whole, complete or holistic person not as an assembly of parts and processes
Nurses have to consider taking care of the client totally and as an individual
CONCEPT OF HOLISM
Maintain physiological equilibrium
CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS
4 Main Characteristics of homeostasis:
- They are self-regulating
- They are compensatory
- They tend to be regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.
- They may need several feedback mechanisms to correct one physiological imbalance
this theory states that Human Needs are essential for survival
NEEDS THEORIES
added the STIMULATION NEEDS between safety and security and physiological needs.
Richard Kalish
Include SEX, ACTIVITY, EXPLORATION, MANIPULATION AND NOVELTY
STIMULATION NEEDS
Maslowe’s Hierarchy of Needs:
Physiological needs
Safety
Love and Belonging
Esteem/Accomplishment
Self-actualization
CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC NEEDS
All people have the same basic needs but are influenced by culture
Needs are met depending on priorities
Basic needs generally must be met but can be deferred
Failure to meet needs might cause an imbalance
Needs can be responded to depending on learned experience, lifestyle and values or culture
Needs are interrelated
Health promotion
Protection against specific health problems
Focuses on HEALTH EDUCATION
PRIMARY PREVENTION
Early identification of health problems
Prompt intervention to alleviate health problems
Focuses on SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS, and PROMPT TREATMENT
SECONDARY PREVENTION
focuses on restoration and rehabilitation
TERTIARY PREVENTION
SITES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
Community Programs
Town Wide Immunizations
Talks on specific prevention programs
School Health Promotion programs
Worksite programs
STAGES OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE
PRECONTEMPLATION STAGE
CONTEMPLATION STAGE
PREPARATION STAGE
ACTION STAGE
MAINTENANCE STAGE
TERMINATION STAGE
the person does not think about changing his or her behavior
PRECONTEMPLATION STAGE
the person acknowledges having a problem and considers changing behaviour
CONTEMPLATION STAGE
focuses on restoration and rehabilitation immediately
PREPARATION STAGE
the person actively implements behavioral and cognitive strategies requires commitment
ACTION STAGE
strives to prevent relapse
MAINTENANCE STAGE
the ultimate goal the individual has complete confidence that the problem is no longer a threat
TERMINATION STAGE
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity the definition reflects on the individual as a total person
WHO
role and performance
‘sick role’
TALCOTT PARSONS 1951
Health and Illness are human experiences. The presence of illness does not preclude health, nor does optimal health preclude illness.
AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION
Health is not a condition; it is an adjustment. It is not a state but a process. The process adapts the individual not only to our physical but also to our social policy statement.
U.S. PRESIDENT’S COMMISSION ON HEALTH NEEDS OF THE NATION
is a state of well-being.
WELLNESS
Basic aspects of wellness:
1.self-responsibility
2.dynamic
3.ultimate goal
4.growing process
5.daily decision making on nutrition
6.stress management
7.preventive health care
8.physical fitness
9.emotional health
is a subjective perception of vitality and feeling well it is a component of health
WELL-BEING
MODELS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS
CLINICAL MODEL
ROLE-PERFORMANCE MODEL
ADAPTIVE MODEL
EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL
AGENT-HOST-ENVIRONMENT MODEL
DUNN’S HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS GRID
ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM
narrowest interpretation of health absence of signs and symptoms of any disease or injury
state of not being sick clinical practitioners focus on relief of signs and symptoms
CLINICAL MODEL
defined in terms of an individual’s ability to fulfill societal roles
Sickness is the inability to perform his or her roles
ROLE-PERFORMANCE MODEL
creative process; disease is a failure in adaptation or maladaptation aim of treatment: to cope or to adapt focuses on stability
ADAPTIVE MODEL
comprehensive view of health focuses on the actualization or realization of a person’s potential
EUDAIMONISTIC MODEL
ecological model by Leavell and Clark
model used in predicting illness rather than promoting wellness
AGENT-HOST-ENVIRONMENT MODEL
The grid demonstrates the interaction of the environment with the illness-wellness continuum
DUNN’S HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS GRID
range from optimal health to premature death
ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM
is a concept from social learning theory that nurses can use to determine whether clients are likely to take action health is self-determined (internals) health may be controlled by outside forces (externals)
HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL MODEL
is the extent to which an individual’s behavior
Nurses need to ensure that the client is able to perform the activities
HEALTH CARE ADHERENCE
is a highly personal state in which the person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning
Illness
is an alteration in body functions resulting in a reduction capacities or a shortening of the normal lifespan
Disease
cause of disease or condition
Etiology
symptoms of short-duration
Acute Illness
lasts for an extended period of time; usually 6 months or longer
Chronic Illness
symptoms disappear
Remission
symptoms reappear
Exacerbation
