Preface + Ch. 1 Flashcards
Interorganizational Task Force on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology Doctoral Education
outlined principles that practice-oriented psychologists must understand to be effective
Fifth Edition Task List
outlines Foundational principles and concepts that students must matter before beginning an internship as a behavior analyst and earning the BCBA credential
behavior
individual living organism’s activity, public or private, which may be influenced by external or internal stimulation
response
single instance of behavior
public
everyone can see it happening
private
you’re the only person who sees it
stimulus events
things you see hear, smell, taste, or feel
2 goals of behavior analysis
1) accurately predict behavior
-allows adaptive behavior
2) discover functional variables that may be used to positively influence behavior
functional variable
variable that, when changed, reliably and systematically influences behavior
2 assumptions of behavior analysis
1) behavior is determined
-behavior has a cause(s)
2) scientific method is a valid way to reveal the determinants of behavior
2 determinants of behavior
1) nature
-biological variables such as the evolutionary past of the species and the unique genome of the individual
2) nurture
environmental events
all things one experience through their senses
mentalistic explanation of behavior
explain behavior (i.e., I went) by pointing to private behaviors (i.e., I thought)
law of parsimony
best explanations of behavior are the simplest explanations
-explanations one behavior by appealing to second behavior lacks parsimony
3 problems with the theory that a mental decision maker wills behavior into action
1) choice is behavior
2) choice is determined
3) spurious decision-making
2 implications of choice
if an undetermined will determines behavior, it cannot accurately predict behavior or discover functional variables that will allow us to positively influence behavior
scientific method
describes behavior of all scientists as they go about discovering how the natural world works
scientific method characteristics
1) objective
-humans are susceptible to biases that cloud how we evaluate evidence that supports and refutes our favorite theories
-current understanding of behavior is tentative and will be changed in the future as new findings support an alternative viewpoint that allows one to predict and positively influence behavior
2) quantitative
-occurrence can be counted
3) systematic
-intervention is implemented exactly as its supposed to be
4) empirical
-evidence must be directly observable or from a measurement device
5) falsifiable predictions
-prediction is precise enough that it could be shown to be incorrect
6) experimentations
-behavior of an individual is objectively measured long enough that one is confident that if nothing changes the behavior will not change
7) peer-review
8) replication
-repeating exp and obtaining same outcome
pseudo-sciences
contribute nothing to goals of prediction and influence
natural sciences
make falsifiable predictions about things that happened next
independent variable
publicly observable change, controlled by the experimenter, which is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way
replication
repetition of experiments to evaluate if they produced reliable results
experimental analysis of behavior
expand ability to predict and influence behavior by conducting research in controlled laboratory settings
applied behavior analysis
conduct rigorous scientific research but focus on socially significant behavior in non-laboratory (clinical) settings
behaviorial service delivery
use discoveries of laboratory and applied behavior analysis to address the needs of patients
7 dimensions of applied behavior analysis
1) applied
-socially important
2) behavioral
-objectively and accurately measure behavior
3) analytic
-exp is done and replications to identify components of intervention responsible for behav change
4) technological
-details can be replicated
5) conceptual
-theories and empirically supported principles of behavior arenindeifoced
6) effective
-has practical difference
7) generality
-long-lasting change in behavior that can be observed in various settings
organizational behavior management
application of behavior analysis to business settings
behavorial epigenetics
examine how nurture (environmental event) shapes nature (influences gene regulation), affecting the growth and activity of brain neurons and behavior
behav analysis
natural science that seeks to accurately predict behavior and identify functional variables that can positively influence behavior
-assumes behavior if determined by enviro and biological variables and the sci method is a valid way to identify determinants
Science journal
described attempts to replicate 100 prominent findings reported in top psych journals
-Open Sci Collaboration found 60%+ findings could not be replicated -> replication crisis
