Ch. 12

Question 1

antecedent stimulus

Answer 1

observable stimulus that’s present before behavior occurs

Question 2

discriminated operant behavior

Answer 2

operant behavior systematically influenced by antecedent stimuli

Question 3

discriminative stimulus (SD)

Answer 3

antecedent stimulus that evoke a specific operant response because the individual learned that when the SD is present

Question 4

S-delta (S△)

Answer 4

antecedent stimulus that DECREASES specific operant response because the individual has learned that when the S△ is present, that response will not be REINFORCED (extinction)

Question 5

SDP

Answer 5

antecedent stimulus that decreases a specific operant response because the individual has learned when the SDP is present, that response will be PUNISHED

Question 6

three-term contingency (A-B-C)

Answer 6

antecedent, behavior, consequence

-If SD and response -> then reinforcer
-If S△ and response -> then no consequence
-If SDP and response -> then punisher

Question 7

discrimination training

Answer 7

procedure in which an operant response is reinforced in presence of SD and extinguished in presence of S△

Question 8

generalization

Answer 8

novel stimulus resembling SD evokes response, despite that response never having been reinforced in the prescence of that novel stimulus

Question 9

generalization gradient

Answer 9

graph depicting increasing in responding as the novel antecedent stimulus more closely resembles the SD

Question 10

3 tactics of promoting generalization and maintenance

Answer 10

1) teach behaviors that’ll contact natural contingencies of reinforcement

2) train diversely

3) arrange antecedent stimuli that’ll cue generalization

Question 11

stimulus-response chain

Answer 11

fixed sequence of operant responses each evoked by a response-produced SD

Question 12

task analysis

Answer 12

provided precise specification of sequence of antecedents, responses, and consequences that comprise a stimulus-response chain

Question 13

backward chaining

Answer 13

final link in stimulus-response chain is taught first and, once that link is mastered, additional links are added in reverse order

Question 14

forward chaining

Answer 14

teaching the links in the stimulus-response chain in the order they’ll need to be emitted

Question 15

prompt

Answer 15

antecedent stimulus that facilitates or guides the desired response when it’s not happening under appropriate discriminative-stimulus control

Question 16

3 prompt types

Answer 16

1) physical
2) stimulus
3) modeling

Question 17

fading

Answer 17

gradual removal of prompt as response is increasingly emitted under discriminative-stimulus control

Question 18

stimulus prompt

Answer 18

provides ‘hint’ at desired repsonse