Ch. 14

Question 1

Skinner’s 4 functional taxonomies of speaker behavior

Answer 1

1) echoic
2) mand
3) tact
4) intraverbal

Question 2

echoic

Answer 2

verbal operant in which the response resembles the verbal antecedent stimulus and is maintained w/ socially mediated reinforcers

-when speaker makes echoic response, they approximately or exactly repeat what someone said
(i.e., mama)

Question 3

mand

Answer 3

verbal operant occasioned by establishing operation and maintained by a verbally specified reinforcer

-ask for something that’ll satisfy a need
(i.e., water)

Question 4

tact

Answer 4

verbal operant occasioned by nonverbal stimulus and maintained by social reinforcers
(i.e., Yes, that’s water)

Question 5

intraverbal

Answer 5

verbal response occasioned by verbal discriminative stimulus, but the form of the response doesn’t resemble that stimulus

-maintained by social reinforcers
(i.e., I’m good, how are you?)

Question 6

common techniques in teaching verbal operants

Answer 6

1) contact w/ antecedent stimulus
2) prompting and fading
3) shaping
4) arrange effective reinforcer

Question 7

symmetric relational responding

Answer 7

behavior of relating 2 arbitrary stimuli as the same

Question 8

multiple-exemplar training

Answer 8

teaching individual to symmetrically relate arbitrary stimuli repetitively w/ multiple examples

Question 9

stimulus equivalence

Answer 9

after explicitly teaching a unidirectional relation between 3+ arbitrary stimuli, symmetric relational responding is demonstrated between all stimuli

-individual relates all stimuli, in many ways, as equivalent to one another

Question 10

psychological function of verbal stimuli

Answer 10

emotion-evoking function of verbal stimuli, despite those stimuli having never acquired Pavlovian conditioned-stimulus (CS) function

Question 11

contingency-shaped behavior

Answer 11

behavior acquired and maintained by interacting w/ contingencies of reinforcement alone

Question 12

rule-governed behavior

Answer 12

behavior influenced by verbal description of operative three-term contingency

Question 13

2 kinds of rule-governed behaviors

Answer 13

1) pliance
2) tracking

Question 14

pliance

Answer 14

rule-governed behavior occurring because of socially mediated pos. or neg. reinforcers

Question 15

tracking

Answer 15

rule-following occurring because instructions appear to correctly describe operant contingencies (reinforcement, extinction, or punishment) that operate in the world

Question 16

acceptance

Answer 16

approaching the thought, so as to examine it flexibly, with a sense of curiosity

Question 17

values

Answer 17

client-selected qualities of behavior that may be continuously emitted w/o reaching end goal